Preprint
A Global Experiment on Motivating Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
PsyArXiv Preprints, Vol.31 May 2021
Cornell University
2021
Appears in COVID-19 Research
Abstract
Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e. a controlling message) compared to no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly-internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message reduced feelings of defiance relative to the controlling message. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly-internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing: Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges.
Details
- Title
- A Global Experiment on Motivating Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Authors
- Nicole Legate (Author) - Illinois Institute of TechnologyThuy-vy Nguyen (Author) - Durham UniversityNetta Weinstein (Author) - University of ReadingArlen Moller (Author) - Illinois Institute of TechnologyLisa Legault (Author) - Clarkson UniversityZahir Vally (Author) - United Arab Emirates UniversityZuzanna Tajchman (Author) - University of MinnesotaAndras N. Zsido (Author) - University of PecsMiha Zrimsek (Author) - University of LjubljanaZhang Chen (Author) - Ghent UniversityIgnazio Ziano - Grenoble Ecole de ManagementZoi GialitakiChris D Ceary - Indiana University of PennsylvaniaYuna JangYijun Lin - University of FloridaYokishino Kumisato - Ishinomaki Senshu UniversityYuki Yamada - Kyushu UniversityQinyu Xiao - University of Hong KongXiaoming Jiang - Shanghai International Studies UniversityXinkai Du - University of AmsterdamElvin Yao - Claremont Graduate UniversityWilliam S Ryan - University of TorontoJohn Paul Wilson - Montclair State UniversityWilson Cyrus-Lai - INSEADWilliam Jimenez-Leal - Universidad de Los AndesWilbert Law - Education University of Hong KongWenceslao Unanue - Adolfo Ibáñez UniversityW Matthew Collins - Nova Southeastern UniversityKarley L Richard - Indiana University of PennsylvaniaMarek Vranka - Charles UniversityVladislav Ankushev - National Research University Higher School of EconomicsVidar Schei - Norwegian School of EconomicsChloe De Paola - Indiana University of PennsylvaniaVeronika Lerche - Heidelberg UniversityVanja Kovic - University of BelgradeValerija Križanić - University of OsijekVera Cubela Adoric - University of ZadarUlrich S Tran - University of ViennaSiu Kit Yeung - University of Hong KongWidad Hassan - University of East LondonRalph HoustonMichael A Machin - University of Southern QueenslandTiago J S Lima - Universidade de BrasíliaThomas Ostermann - Witten/Herdecke UniversityThomas Frizzo - Université de LorraineTherese E Sverdrup - Norwegian School of EconomicsThea House - Macquarie UniversityTripat Gill - Wilfrid Laurier UniversityMaksim Fedotov - Russian Academy of SciencesTamar PaltrowTeodor Jernsather - Stockholm UniversityTasnim Rahman - University of DhakaTanya Machin - University of Southern QueenslandMaria Koptjevskaja-Tamm - Stockholm UniversityThomas J Hostler - Manchester Metropolitan UniversityTatsunori Ishii - Japan Women's UniversityBarnabas Szaszi - Eötvös Loránd UniversitySylwia Adamus - Jagiellonian UniversityLilian Suter - ZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesSuparit M von Bormann - Suranaree University of TechnologySumaiya Habib - University of DhakaAnna Studzinska - Institut Catholique d'Arts et MétiersDragana Stojanovska - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in SkopjeSteve M J Janssen - University of Nottingham Malaysia CampusStefan Stieger - Karl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesStefan E Schulenberg - University of MississippiSrinivasan Tatachari - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationSoufian Azouaghe - Mohammed V UniversityPiotr Sorokowski - University of WrocławAgnieszka Sorokowska - University of WrocławZin Song - University of MinnesotaSofie Morbée - Ghent UniversitySavannah Lewis - Ashland UniversitySladjana SinkolovaDmitry Grigoryev - National Research University Higher School of EconomicsShira Meir Drexler - St. Mauritius TherapieklinikShimrit Daches - Bar-Ilan UniversityShelby L Levine - McGill UniversityShawn N Geniole - University of the Fraser ValleyShahunur Akter - University of DhakaSelena Vračar - University of BelgradeSébastien Massoni - Université de LorraineSebastiano Costa - Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi VanvitelliSasa Zorjan - University of MariborEylul Sarioguz - Sapienza University of RomeSarah Morales Izquierdo - University of WarwickSarah Suzette TshondaSara G Alves - Universidade do PortoSara Pöntinen - Åbo Akademi UniversitySara Álvarez-Solas - Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAMSantiano Ordoñez-Riaño - Universidad de GuadalajaraSanja Batić Očovaj - Union UniversitySandersan Onie - Black Dog InstituteSamuel Lins - Universidade do PortoTheresa Biberauer - University of CambridgeSami Çoksan - Erzurum Technical UniversitySakda Khumkom - Suranaree University of TechnologyAsli SacakliSusana Ruiz-Fernandez - FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and ManagementSandra J Geiger - University of AmsterdamSaideh Fatah Modares - Urmia UniversityRadoslaw B Walczak - University of OpoleRuben Betlehem - University of OsijekRoosevelt Vilar - Universidade Cruzeiro do SulRodrigo A Carcamo - Universidad de MagallanesRobert M Ross - Macquarie UniversityRandy J McCarthy - Northern Illinois UniversityTonia Ballantyne - Indiana University of PennsylvaniaErin C Westgate - University of FloridaRichard M Ryan - Australian Catholic UniversityRafael Gargurevich - Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúReza Afhami - Tarbiat Modares UniversityDongning Ren - Tilburg UniversityRenan P Monteiro - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulUlf-Dietrich Reips - University of KonstanzNiv Reggev - Ben-Gurion University of the NegevRobert J Calin-Jageman - Dominican UniversityRazieh Pourafshari - University of TehranRaquel Oliveira - Iscte – Instituto Universitário de LisboaMina Nedelcheva-Datsova - Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"Rima-Maria Rahal - Tilburg UniversityRafael R Ribeiro - Iscte – Instituto Universitário de LisboaTheda Radtke - University of WuppertalRachel Searston - The University of AdelaideRachadaporn Jai-ai - Suranaree University of TechnologyRedeate Habte - Constructor UniversityPrzemysław Zdybe - University of OpoleSau-Chin Chen - Tzu Chi UniversityPiyaorn Wajanatinap - Suranaree University of TechnologyPrincess Lovella G Maturan - University of the Philippines DilimanJennifer T Perillo - Indiana University of PennsylvaniaPeder Mortvedt Isager - Eindhoven University of TechnologyPavol Kačmár - University of Pavol Jozef ŠafárikPaulo Manuel Macapagal - Arellano UniversityMichael R Maniaci - Florida Atlantic UniversityPaulina Szwed - Jagiellonian UniversityPaul H P Hanel - University of EssexPaul A G Forbes - University of ViennaPatrícia Arriaga - Iscte – Instituto Universitário de LisboaBastien Paris - Université Grenoble AlpesNeha Parashar - Sampurna Montfort College - Bengaluru, IndiaKonstantinos Papachristopoulos - Concordia UniversityPablo Sebastian Correa - Universidad Nacional de CórdobaOndrej Kacha - University of CambridgeMárcia Bernardo - Universidade do PortoOlatz Campos - Universidad de DeustoOlalla Niño BravoOscar J Galindo-Caballero - Universidad de Los AndesChisom Esther Ogbonnaya - Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-AlikeOlga Bialobrzeska - Uniwersytet SWPSNatalia Kiselnikova - Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of EducationNicolle Simonovic - Kent State UniversityNoga Cohen - University of HaifaNora L Nock - Case Western Reserve UniversityAlejandrina Hernandez - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCecilie Thogersen-Ntoumani - University of Southern DenmarkNikos Ntoumanis - University of Southern DenmarkNiklas Johannes - University of OxfordNihan Albayrak-Aydemir - London School of Economics and Political ScienceNicolas Say - Prague University of Economics and BusinessAndreas B Neubauer - DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in EducationNeil I Martin - University of Southern QueenslandNeil Levy - Macquarie UniversityNathan Torunsky - University of Minnesota, DuluthNatasha van Antwerpen - The University of AdelaideNatalia Van Doren - Pennsylvania State UniversityNaoyuki Sunami - University of DelawareNikolay R Rachev - Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"Nadyanna M Majeed - Singapore Management UniversityNadya-Daniela Schmidt - University of HildesheimNadif KhaoulaNadia S Corral-Frías - Universidad de SonoraNihal Ouherrou - Université de MontpellierNida Abbas - Constructor UniversityMyrto Pantazi - University of OxfordMark Y Lucas - Universidad de SonoraMartin R Vasilev - Bournemouth UniversityMaria Victoria Ortiz - Universidad Nacional de CórdobaMuhammad Mussaffa Butt - Government College University, LahoreMurathan Kurfali - Stockholm UniversityMuhib KabirRafał Muda - The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyMaria del Carmen Tejada Rivera - Universidad del DesarrolloMiroslav Sirota - University of EssexMartin Seehuus - Middlebury College (United States, MiddleburyMichal Parzuchowski - Uniwersytet SWPSMónica Toro - Universidad del DesarrolloMonika Hricova - University of Pavol Jozef ŠafárikMonica Alarcon MaldonadoPanagiotis Rentzelas - University College LondonMaarten Vansteenkiste - Ghent UniversityMolly A Metz - University of TorontoMagdalena Marszalek - Uniwersytet SWPSMaria Karekla - University of CyprusGiovanna Mioni - University of PaduaMinke Jasmijn Bosma - University of AmsterdamMinja Westerlund - Åbo Akademi UniversityMilica Vdovic - Singidunum UniversityMichał Białek - University of WrocławMiguel A Silan - University of the Philippines DilimanMichele Anne - University of Nottingham Malaysia CampusMichal Misiak - University of WrocławMaria C Gugliandolo - University of MessinaMaurice Grinberg - New Bulgarian UniversityMariagrazia Capizzi - Université Paul-Valéry MontpellierMauricio F Espinoza Barria - Universidad del DesarrolloMerve A Kurfali - Bilkent UniversityMichael C Mensink - University of Wisconsin–StoutMikayel Harutyunyan - Charles UniversityMeetu Khosla - University of DelhiMegan R Dunn - Illinois Institute of TechnologyMax Korbmacher - Western Norway University of Applied SciencesMatus Adamkovic - University of PrešovMatheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro - Universidade BrasilMaria Terskova - National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMatej Hruška - Comenius University BratislavaMarcel Martončik - University of PrešovMartine Jansen - Fontys University of Applied SciencesMartin Voracek - University of ViennaMartin Čadek - Leeds Beckett UniversityMartha Frias-Armenta - Universidad de SonoraMarta Kowal - University of WrocławMarta Topor - University of SurreyMarta Roczniewska - Uniwersytet SWPSMarlies OosterlinckMarkéta Braun Kohlová - Charles UniversityMariola Paruzel-Czachura - University of Silesia in KatowiceMarina SabristovMarina Romanova - National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMarietta Papadatou-Pastou - National and Kapodistrian University of AthensMaria Louise Lund - University of OsloMaria Antoniadi - University of CyprusMaria Elena Magrin - University of Milano-BicoccaMarc V Jones - Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManyu Li - University of Louisiana at LafayetteManuel S Ortiz - Universidad de La FronteraMathi Manavalan - Islamic University of MinnesotaAbdumalik MuminovMalgorzata Kossowska - Jagiellonian UniversityMaja Friedemann - University of OxfordMagdalena Wielgus - Jagiellonian UniversityMadelon L M van Hooff - Radboud University NijmegenMarco A C Varella - University of Sao PauloMartyn Standage - University of BathMatilde Nicolotti - University of Milano-BicoccaMelissa F Colloff - University of BirminghamMaria Bradford - Universidad de Los AndesLeigh Ann Vaughn - Ithaca CollegeLuis Eudave - Universidad de NavarraLuc Vieira - Université Paris CitéJackson G Lu - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyLina Maria Sanabria Pineda - Universidad de Los Andes, ChileLennia Matos - Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúLaura Calderon Perez - Universidad de Los AndesLjiljana B Lazarevic - University of BelgradeLisa M Jaremka - University of DelawareEline Suzanne Smit - University of AmsterdamElizaveta Kushnir - Södertörn UniversityLisa J Ferguson - Northumbria UniversityLisa Anton-Boicuk - University of ViennaGabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho - University College CorkLina Ahlgren - Åbo Akademi UniversityFrancesca Liga - University of MessinaCarmel A Levitan - Occidental CollegeLeticia Micheli - University of WürzburgLesley-Ann Gunton - Northumbria UniversityLeonhard Volz - University of AmsterdamMarija Stojanovska - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in SkopjeLeanne Boucher - Nova Southeastern UniversityLara Samojlenko - University of PrimorskaLady Grey Javela Delgado - Universidad del RosarioLada Kaliska - Matej Bel UniversityLabadi Beatrix - University of PecsLara Warmelink - Lancaster UniversityLuis Miguel Rojas-Berscia - The University of QueenslandKaren Yu - Sewanee: The University of the SouthKeith Wylie - Emporia State UniversityJakub WachowiczKermeka Desai - University of PennsylvaniaKrystian Barzykowski - Jagiellonian UniversityLuca Kozma - University of PecsKortnee Evans - Murdoch UniversityKomila KirgizovaBamikole Bamikole Agesin - Adekunle Ajasin UniversityMonica A Koehn - University of CanberraKelly Wolfe - University of EdinburghTatiana Korobova - London Gates Education GroupKatherine Morris - Willamette UniversityKristoffer Klevjer - UiT The Arctic University of NorwayKevin van Schie - University of CambridgeKevin Vezirian - Université Grenoble AlpesKaja Damnjanović - University of BelgradeKatrine Krabbe Thommesen - University of St AndrewsKathleen Schmidt - Southern Illinois University CarbondaleKatarzyna Filip - Jagiellonian UniversityKarolina StaniaszekKarolina Grzech - University of Valencia (Blasco Ibáñez, Valencia, Spain) - UVKarlijn Hoyer - Tilburg UniversityKaris Moon - Kingston University LondonSirikon Khaobunmasiri - Suranaree University of TechnologyKafeel Rana - Government College University, LahoreKristina JanjicJordan W Suchow - Stevens Institute of TechnologyJulita Kielińska - Jagiellonian UniversityJulio E Cruz Vásquez - Universidad de Los AndesJulien Chanel - University of GenevaJulia Beitner - Goethe University FrankfurtJuan Camilo Vargas-Nieto - Universidad de Los AndesJose Carlos T Roxas - University of the Philippines DilimanJennifer Taber - Kent State UniversityJoan Urriago-RayoJeffrey M Pavlacic - University of MississippiJozef Benka - University of Pavol Jozef ŠafárikJozef Bavolar - University of Pavol Jozef ŠafárikJosé A Soto - Pennsylvania State UniversityJonas K Olofsson - Stockholm UniversityJohannes K Vilsmeier - Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Network Medicine at the University of ViennaJohanna Messerschmidt - Leipzig UniversityJohanna Czamanski-Cohen - University of HaifaJoachim Waterschoot - Ghent UniversityJennifer D Moss - Emporia State UniversityJordane Boudesseul - Universidad de LimaJeong Min Lee - Georgia State UniversityJulia Kamburidis - Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"Jennifer A Joy-Gaba - Virginia Commonwealth UniversityJanis H Zickfeld - Aarhus UniversityJacob F Miranda - University of AlabamaJeroen P H Verharen - University of California, BerkeleyEvgeniya Hristova - New Bulgarian UniversityJulie E Beshears - University of Southern IndianaJasna Milosevic Djordjevic - Singidunum UniversityJasmijn Bosch - University of Milano-BicoccaJaroslava Varella - University of Sao PauloJan Antfolk - Åbo Akademi UniversityJana B Berkessel - University of MannheimJana Schrotter - University of Pavol Jozef ŠafárikJan Urban - Charles UniversityJan Philipp Röer - Witten/Herdecke UniversityJames O Norton - Murdoch UniversityJaime R Silva - Universidad del DesarrolloJade S Pickering - University of ManchesterJáchym Vintr - Charles UniversityJim Uttley - University of SheffieldJonas R Kunst - University of OsloIzuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe - Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-AlikeAishwarya Iyer - Sampurna Montfort College - Bengaluru, IndiaIris Vilares - University of MinnesotaAleksandr Ivanov - National Research University Higher School of EconomicsIvan Ropovik - University of PrešovIsabela SulaIrena Sarieva - National Research University Higher School of EconomicsIrem Metin-Orta - Atilim UniversityIrina Prusova - National Research University Higher School of EconomicsIsabel R Pinto - Universidade do PortoAndreea Ioana Bozdoc - Lucian Blaga University of SibiuInes A T Almeida - University of CoimbraIlse L Pit - University of OxfordIlker Dalgar - Ankara Medipol ÜniversitesiIlya Zakharov - Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of EducationAzuka Ikechukwu Arinze - Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-AlikeKeiko Ihaya - Fukuoka Institute of TechnologyIan D Stephen - Nottingham Trent UniversityBiljana Gjoneska - Macedonian Academy of Sciences and ArtsHilmar Brohmer - University of GrazHeather D Flowe - University of BirminghamHendrik Godbersen - FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and ManagementHalil Emre Kocalar - Muğla UniversityMattie V Hedgebeth - Virginia Commonwealth UniversityHu Chuan-Peng - Nanjing Normal UniversityMohammad Hasan Sharifian - University of TehranHarry Manley - Chulalongkorn UniversityHandan Akkas - Ankara Medipol ÜniversitesiNandor Hajdu - Eötvös Loránd UniversityHabiba Azab - Baylor College of MedicineGwenael Kaminski - Université de ToulouseGustav Nilsonne - Stockholm UniversityGulnaz Anjum - Simon Fraser UniversityGiovanni A Travaglino - Royal Holloway University of LondonGilad Feldman - University of Hong KongGerit Pfuhl - UiT The Arctic University of NorwayGabriela Czarnek - Jagiellonian UniversityGabriela Mariana Marcu - Lucian Blaga University of SibiuGabriela Hofer - University of GrazGabriel Baník - University of PrešovGabriel Agboola Adetula - Adekunle Ajasin UniversityGijsbert Bijlstra - Radboud University NijmegenFrederick Verbruggen - Ghent UniversityFranki Y H Kung - Purdue University West LafayetteFrank Martela - Aalto UniversityFrancesco Foroni - Australian Catholic UniversityJacques Forest - Université du Québec à MontréalGage Singer - Indiana University of PennsylvaniaFany Muchembled - Tecnológico de MonterreyFlavio Azevedo - Friedrich Schiller University JenaFarnaz Mosannenzadeh - Radboud University NijmegenEvelina Marinova - Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"Eva Strukelj - Sapienza University of RomeZahra Etebari - Ferdowsi University of MashhadEmma L Bradshaw - Australian Catholic UniversityErnest Baskin - Saint Joseph's UniversityElkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia - Universidad de NavarraErica D Musser - Florida International UniversityI M M van Steenkiste - Leiden UniversityEl Rim Ahn - University of FloridaEleanor Quested - Curtin UniversityEkaterina Pronizius - University of ViennaEmily A Jackson - University of PennsylvaniaEfisio Manunta - Université de ToulouseElena Agadullina - National Research University Higher School of EconomicsDušana Šakan - Union UniversityPinar Dursun - Afyon Kocatepe UniversityOlivier Dujols - Université Grenoble AlpesDmitrii Dubrov - National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMegan Willis - Australian Catholic UniversityMurat Tumer - Hacettepe UniversityJennifer L Beaudry - Swinburne University of TechnologyDora Popović - Institut Društvenih Znanosti Ivo PilarDaniel Dunleavy - Florida State UniversityIkhlas Djamai - Mohammed V UniversityDino Krupić - University of OsijekDora Herrera - Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúDiego Vega - Latin University of Costa RicaHongfei Du - Beijing Normal UniversityDebora Mola - Universidad Nacional de CórdobaDesislava Chakarova - New Bulgarian UniversityWilliam E Davis - Wittenberg UniversityDawn Liu Holford - University of EssexDavid M G Lewis - Murdoch UniversityDavid C Vaidis - Université Paris CitéDaphna Hausman Ozery - California State University Los AngelesDanilo Zambrano Ricaurte - Fundación Universitaria Konrad LorenzDaniel Storage - University of DenverDaniela Sousa - University of CoimbraDaniela Serrato Alvarez - Fundación Universitaria Konrad LorenzDaniel Boller - University of St.GallenAnna Dalla Rosa - University of PaduaDaliborka Dimova - Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in SkopjeDajana Krupić - Norvel Psychological Centre for Counselling and ResearchDafne Marko - University of LjubljanaDavid Moreau - University of AucklandCrystal Reeck - Temple UniversityRita C Correia - Universidade do PortoCassie M Whitt - University of AlabamaClaus Lamm - University of ViennaClaudio Singh Solorzano - Sapienza University of RomeClaudia C von Bastian - University of SheffieldClare A M Sutherland - University of AberdeenClara Overkott - University of ZurichChristopher L Abserson - California Polytechnic State UniversityChunhui Wang - Chinese Center For Disease Control and PreventionChristopher P Niemiec - University of RochesterChristiana Karashiali - University of CyprusChris Noone - National University of IrelandFaith Chiu - University of EssexChiara Picciocchi - University of Naples - L'OrientaleCharlotte Brownlow - University of Southern QueenslandCemre Karaarslan - Başkent UniversityNicola Cellini - University of PaduaCelia Esteban-Serna - University College LondonCecilia Reyna - Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCecilia Ferreyra - Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúCarlota Batres - Franklin & Marshall CollegeRanran Li - Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamCaterina Grano - Sapienza University of RomeJoelle Carpentier - Université du Québec à MontréalChristian K Tamnes - University of OsloCynthia H Y Fu - King's College LondonByurakn Ishkanyan - Aarhus UniversityLisa Bylinina - Leiden UniversityBastian Jaeger - Tilburg UniversityCarsten Bundt - University of OsloTara Bulut Allred - University of BelgradeBranko J Vermote - Ghent UniversityAhmed Bokkour - Mohammed V UniversityNatalia Bogatyreva - National Research University Higher School of EconomicsJiaxin Shi - University of Hong KongWilliam J Chopik - Michigan State UniversityBenedict Antazo - Jose Rizal Memorial State UniversityBehzad Behzadnia - University of TabrizMaja Becker - Université de ToulouseManal M Bayyat - University of JordanBeatrice CoccoWei-Lun Chou - Fo Guang UniversityVassilis Barkoukis - Aristotle University of ThessalonikiBarbora HubenaBarbara Žuro - University of OsijekBalazs Aczel - Eötvös Loránd UniversityEkaterina Baklanova - Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityHui Bai - Stanford UniversityBusra Bahar Balci - Samsun UniversityPeter Babinčá - University of PrešovBart Soenens - Ghent UniversityBarnaby J W Dixson (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - LegacySee article text for complete list of remaining 62 authors (Author)
- Publication details
- PsyArXiv Preprints, Vol.31 May 2021
- Publisher
- Cornell University
- Date published
- 2021
- DOI
- 10.31234/osf.io/n3dyf
- Organisation Unit
- Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research; School of Health - Psychology; School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99632440602621
- Output Type
- Preprint
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