Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (Artocarpus lakoocha) Rootstocks

Yuchan Zhou; Steven Underhill

doi:10.3390/plants12183285

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Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (Artocarpus lakoocha) Rootstocks

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Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (Artocarpus lakoocha) Rootstocks

Yuchan Zhou and Steven Underhill

Plants, Vol.12(18), pp.1-13

2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12183285

PMCID: PMC10534935

PMID: 37765449

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Abstract

Agricultural biotechnology diagnostics (incl. biosensors)

Horticultural crops

breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)

dwarfing

rootstock

flavonoids

chalcone synthase gene

bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene

lakoocha (Artocarpus lakoocha)

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a traditional fruit tree of 15–30 m height in the tropics. The presence of size-controlling rootstock in the species is not known. A small tropical tree species, lakoocha (Artocarpus lakoocha), was recently identified as a potential vigor-controlling rootstock, conferring over a 65% reduction in breadfruit tree height. To better understand the intriguing scion/rootstock interactions involved in dwarfing, we investigate flavonoid accumulation and its regulation in breadfruit scions in response to different rootstocks. To this end, we isolated a chalcone synthase cDNA, AaCHS, and a full-length bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cDNA, AaDFR, from breadfruit scion stems. The expression of both AaCHS and AaDFR genes was examined over the period of 16 to 24 months following grafting. During the development of the dwarf phenotype, breadfruit scion stems on lakoocha rootstocks display significant increases in total flavonoid content, and show upregulated AaCHS expression when compared with those on self-grafts and non-grafts. There is a strong, positive correlation between the transcript levels of AaCHS and total flavonoid content in scion stems. The transcript levels of AaDFR are not significantly different across scions on different rootstocks. This work provides insights into the significance of flavonoid biosynthesis in rootstock-induced breadfruit dwarfing.

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Title: Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Scions Growing on Lakoocha (Artocarpus lakoocha) Rootstocks
Authors: Yuchan Zhou (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research
Steven Underhill (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research
Publication details: Plants, Vol.12(18), pp.1-13
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2023
DOI: 10.3390/plants12183285
ISSN: 2223-7747
PMID: 37765449; PMC10534935
Copyright note: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Grants: Enhanced fruit production and postharvest handling systems for Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga, HORT/2014/077, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (Australia, Canberra) - ACIAR
Enhanced fruit systems for Tonga and Samoa (Phase 2): Community based citrus production, HORT/2019/165, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (Australia, Canberra) - ACIAR
Organisation Unit: Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research; Sustainability Research Cluster
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99969198902621
Output Type: Journal article

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