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Published VersionCC BY-NC-ND V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
The missing hydrogen ion, part-1: Historical precedents vs. fundamental concepts
Sports Medicine and Health Science, Vol.5(4), pp.336-343
2023
PMID: 38314048
Abstract
The purpose of this review and commentary was to provide an historical and evidence-based account of organic acids and the biochemical and organic chemistry evidence for why cells do not produce metabolites that are acids. The scientific study of acids has a long history dating to the 16th and 17th centuries, and the definition of an acid was proposed in 1884 as a molecule that when in an aqueous solution releases a hydrogen ion (H+). There are three common ionizable functional groups for molecules classified as acids: 1) the carboxyl group, 2) the phosphoryl group and 3) the amine group. The propensity by which a cation will associate or dissociate with a negatively charged atom is quantified by the equilibrium constant (Keq) of the dissociation constant (Kd) of the ionization (Keq = Kd), which for lactic acid (HLa) vs. lactate (La-) is expressed as:
4 677.351 4 (ionic strength = 0.01 Mol⋅L-1, T = 25 °C). The negative log10 of the dissociation pKd reveals the pH at which half of the molecules are ionized, which for HLa = 3.67. Thus, knowing the pKd and the pH of the solution at question will reveal the extent of the ionization vs. acidification of molecules that are classified as acids.
Details
- Title
- The missing hydrogen ion, part-1: Historical precedents vs. fundamental concepts
- Authors
- Robert A Robergs (Corresponding Author) - Queensland University of TechnologyBridgette O'Malley - Queensland University of TechnologySam Torrens - Queensland University of TechnologyJason Siegler - Arizona State University
- Publication details
- Sports Medicine and Health Science, Vol.5(4), pp.336-343
- Publisher
- KeAi Publishing Communications Ltd.
- Date published
- 2023
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.008
- ISSN
- 2666-3376
- PMID
- 38314048
- Copyright note
- © 2023 Chengdu Sport University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
- Organisation Unit
- School of Health - Biomedicine; School of Health - Sports & Exercise Science
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 991156939602621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web Of Science research areas
- Sport Sciences