The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Haozhi Ma; Thomas W. Crowther; Lidong Mo; Daniel S. Maynard; Susanne S. Renner; Johan van den Hoogen; Yibiao Zou; Jingjing Liang; Sergio de-Miguel; Gert-Jan Nabuurs; Peter B. Reich; Ülo Niinemets; Meinrad Abegg; Yves C. Adou Yao; Giorgio Alberti; Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano; Braulio Vilchez Alvarado; Esteban Alvarez-Dávila; Patricia Alvarez-Loayza; Clara Antón-Fernández; Christian Ammer; Luciana F. Alves; Alejandro Araujo-Murakami; Luzmila Arroyo; Valerio Avitabile; Gerardo A. Aymard; Timothy R. Baker; Radomir Bałazy; Olaf Banki; Jorcely G. Barroso; Meredith L. Bastian; Jean-Francois Bastin; Luca Birigazzi; Philippe Birnbaum; Robert Bitariho; Pascal Boeckx; Frans Bongers; Olivier Bouriaud; Francis Q. Brearley; Roel Brienen; Pedro H. S. Brancalion; Susanne Brandl; Eben N. Broadbent; Helge Bruelheide; Filippo Bussotti; Roberto Cazzolla Gatti; Ricardo G. César; Goran Cesljar; Robin Chazdon; Han Y. H. Chen; Chelsea Chisholm; Hyunkook Cho; Emil Cienciala; Connie Clark; David Clark; Gabriel D. Colletta; David A. Coomes; Fernando Cornejo Valverde; Selvadurai Dayanandan; Jonathan R. Cumming; José J. Corral-Rivas; Philip M. Crim; André L. de Gasper; Mathieu Decuyper; Géraldine Derroire; Ben DeVries; Ilija Djordjevic; Jiri Dolezal; Aurélie Dourdain; Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang; Brian J. Enquist; Teresa J. Eyre; Adandé Belarmain Fandohan; Tom M. Fayle; Ted R. Feldpausch; Leandro V. Ferreira; Leena Finér; Markus Fischer; Christine Fletcher; Jonas Fridman; Lorenzo Frizzera; Javier G. P. Gamarra; Damiano Gianelle; Henry B. Glick; David J. Harris; Andrew Hector; Andreas Hemp; Geerten Hengeveld; Bruno Hérault; John L. Herbohn; Martin Herold; Annika Hillers; Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado; Cang Hui; Thomas T. Ibanez; Iêda Amaral; Nobuo Imai; Andrzej M. Jagodziński; Bogdan Jaroszewicz; Carlos A. Joly; Vivian Kvist Johannsen; Tommaso Jucker; Ilbin Jung; Viktor Karminov; Kuswata Kartawinata; Elizabeth Kearsley; David Kenfack; Deborah K. Kennard; Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas; Gunnar Keppel; Mohammed Latif Khan; Timothy J. Killeen; Hyun Seok Kim; Kanehiro Kitayama; Michael Köhl; Henn Korjus; Florian Kraxner; Dmitry Kucher; Diana Laarmann; Simon L. Lewis; Mait Lang; Huicui Lu; Natalia V. Lukina; Brian S. Maitner; Yadvinder Malhi; Eric Marcon; Beatriz Schwantes Marimon; Ben Hur Marimon-Junior; Andrew R. Marshall; Emanuel H. Martin; Jorge A. Meave; Omar Melo-Cruz; Casimiro Mendoza; Cory Merow; Abel Monteagudo Mendoza; Vanessa S. Moreno; Sharif A. Mukul; Philip Mundhenk; María Guadalupe Nava-Miranda; Victor J. Neldner; David Neill; Radovan V. Nevenic; Michael R. Ngugi; Pascal A. Niklaus; Jacek Oleksyn; Petr Ontikov; Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi; Yude Pan; Alain Paquette; Alexander Parada-Gutierrez; Elena I. Parfenova; Minjee Park; Marc Parren; Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy; Pablo L. Peri; Sebastian Pfautsch; Oliver L. Phillips; Nicolas Picard; Maria Teresa F. Piedade; Nigel C. A. Pitman; Daniel Piotto; Irina Mendoza-Polo; Axel D. Poulsen; John R. Poulsen; Hans Pretzsch; Freddy Ramirez Arevalo; Zorayda Restrepo-Correa; Mirco Rodeghiero; Samir G. Rolim; Anand Roopsind; Francesco Rovero; Ervan Rutishauser; Purabi Saikia; Christian Salas-Eljatib; Philippe Saner; Peter Schall; Mart-Jan Schelhaas; Dmitry Schepaschenko; Michael Scherer-Lorenzen; Jochen Schöngart; Bernhard Schmid; Eric B. Searle; Vladimír Seben; Josep M. Serra-Diaz; Douglas Sheil; Anatoly Z. Shvidenko; Javier E. Silva-Espejo; Marcos Silveira; James Singh; Plinio Sist; Ferry Slik; Bonaventure Sonké; Alexandre F. Souza; Stanislaw Miścicki; Krzysztof J. Stereńczak; Jens-Christian Svenning; Miroslav Svoboda; Ben Swanepoel; Natalia Targhetta; Hans ter Steege; Nadja Tchebakova; Raquel Thomas; Elena Tikhonova; Peter M. Umunay; Vladimir A. Usoltsev; Renato Valencia; Fernando Valladares; Fons van der Plas; Tran Van Do; Michael E. van Nuland; Rodolfo M. Vasquez; Hans Verbeeck; Helder Viana; Alexander C. Vibrans; Simone Vieira; Klaus von Gadow; Hua-Feng Wang; James V. Watson; Gijsbert D. A. Werner; Susan K. Wiser; Bertil Westerlund; Florian Wittmann; Hannsjoerg Woell; Verginia Wortel; Roderick Zagt; Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki; Chunyu Zhang; Xiuhai Zhao; Mo Zhou; Zhi-Xin Zhu; Irie C. Zo-Bi; Constantin M. Zohner

doi:10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5

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The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

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The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Haozhi Ma, Thomas W. Crowther, Lidong Mo, Daniel S. Maynard, Susanne S. Renner, Johan van den Hoogen, Yibiao Zou, Jingjing Liang, Sergio de-Miguel, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, …

Nature Plants, Vol.9, pp.1795-1809

2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5

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Abstract

Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17–34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.

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Title: The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit
Authors: Haozhi Ma (Author) - ETH Zurich
Thomas W. Crowther (Author) - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich
Lidong Mo (Author) - ETH Zurich
Daniel S. Maynard (Author) - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich
Susanne S. Renner (Author) - Washington University in St. Louis
Johan van den Hoogen (Author) - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich
Yibiao Zou (Author) - ETH Zurich
Jingjing Liang (Author) - Purdue University
Sergio de-Miguel (Author) - Universitat de Lleida
Gert-Jan Nabuurs (Author) - Wageningen University & Research
Peter B. Reich (Author) - Western Sydney University
Ülo Niinemets (Author) - Estonian University of Life Sciences
Meinrad Abegg (Author) - Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
Yves C. Adou Yao (Author) - Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny
Giorgio Alberti (Author) - British Columbia Institute of Technology
Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano (Author) - University of Florida
Braulio Vilchez Alvarado (Author) - Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Esteban Alvarez-Dávila (Author) - Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia
Patricia Alvarez-Loayza (Author) - Field Museum of Natural History
Clara Antón-Fernández (Author) - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research
Christian Ammer (Author) - University of Göttingen
Luciana F. Alves (Author) - University of California Los Angeles
Alejandro Araujo-Murakami (Author) - Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno
Luzmila Arroyo (Author) - Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado
Valerio Avitabile (Author) - Joint Research Centre
Gerardo A. Aymard (Author) - Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora
Timothy R. Baker (Author) - University of Leeds
Radomir Bałazy (Author) - Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Olaf Banki (Author) - Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Jorcely G. Barroso (Author) - Universidade Federal do Acre
Meredith L. Bastian (Author) - Duke University
Jean-Francois Bastin (Author) - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
Luca Birigazzi (Author) - Ospedale Misericordia - Grosseto
Philippe Birnbaum (Author) - Université de Montpellier
Robert Bitariho (Author) - Mbarara University of Science and Technology
Pascal Boeckx (Author) - Ghent University
Frans Bongers (Author) - Wageningen University & Research
Olivier Bouriaud (Author) - Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava
Francis Q. Brearley (Author) - Manchester Metropolitan University
Roel Brienen (Author) - University of Leeds
Pedro H. S. Brancalion (Author) - Forest Science and Research Institute
Susanne Brandl (Author)
Eben N. Broadbent (Author) - University of Florida
Helge Bruelheide (Author)
Filippo Bussotti (Author) - University of Florence
Roberto Cazzolla Gatti (Author) - Tomsk State University
Ricardo G. César (Author) - Forest Science and Research Institute
Goran Cesljar (Author) - Institute of Forestry
Robin Chazdon (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Tropical Forests and People Research Centre
Han Y. H. Chen (Author) - Lakehead University
Chelsea Chisholm (Author)
Hyunkook Cho (Author) - Korea Forest Service
Emil Cienciala (Author) - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research
Connie Clark (Author) - Duke University
David Clark (Author) - University of Missouri–St. Louis
Gabriel D. Colletta (Author) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
David A. Coomes (Author) - University of Cambridge
Fernando Cornejo Valverde (Author)
Selvadurai Dayanandan (Author) - Concordia University
Jonathan R. Cumming (Author) - West Virginia University
José J. Corral-Rivas (Author) - Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango
Philip M. Crim (Author)
André L. de Gasper (Author) - Universidade Regional de Blumenau
Mathieu Decuyper (Author) - Wageningen University & Research
Géraldine Derroire (Author) - University of French Guiana
Ben DeVries (Author) - University of Guelph
Ilija Djordjevic (Author) - Institute of Forestry
Jiri Dolezal (Author) - Czech Academy of Sciences
Aurélie Dourdain (Author) - University of French Guiana
Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang (Author)
Brian J. Enquist (Author) - University of Arizona
Teresa J. Eyre (Author) - Queensland Department of Environment and Science
Adandé Belarmain Fandohan (Author) - Université d'Agriculture de Kétou
Tom M. Fayle (Author) - Queen Mary University of London
Ted R. Feldpausch (Author) - University of Exeter
Leandro V. Ferreira (Author) - Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
Leena Finér (Author) - Natural Resources Institute Finland
Markus Fischer (Author)
Christine Fletcher (Author) - Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Jonas Fridman (Author) - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Lorenzo Frizzera (Author) - Fondazione Edmund Mach
Javier G. P. Gamarra (Author) - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Damiano Gianelle (Author) - Fondazione Edmund Mach
Henry B. Glick (Author)
David J. Harris (Author) - Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Andrew Hector (Author) - University of Oxford
Andreas Hemp (Author) - University of Bayreuth
Geerten Hengeveld (Author)
Bruno Hérault (Author) - Ghent University
John L. Herbohn (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Forest Research Institute
Martin Herold (Author) - GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences
Annika Hillers (Author) - Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado (Author) - Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana
Cang Hui (Author) - Stellenbosch University
Thomas T. Ibanez (Author) - Université de Montpellier
Iêda Amaral (Author) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Nobuo Imai (Author)
Andrzej M. Jagodziński (Author) - University of Life Sciences in Poznań
Bogdan Jaroszewicz (Author) - University of Warsaw
Carlos A. Joly (Author) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Vivian Kvist Johannsen (Author) - University of Copenhagen
Tommaso Jucker (Author) - University of Bristol
Ilbin Jung (Author) - Korea Forest Service
Viktor Karminov (Author) - Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Kuswata Kartawinata (Author) - Field Museum of Natural History
Elizabeth Kearsley (Author) - Ghent University
David Kenfack (Author) - Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Deborah K. Kennard (Author) - Colorado Mesa University
Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas (Author) - University of Copenhagen
Gunnar Keppel (Author) - University of South Australia
Mohammed Latif Khan (Author) - Dr. Hari Singh Gour University
Timothy J. Killeen (Author) - Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado
Hyun Seok Kim (Author) - Seoul National University
Kanehiro Kitayama (Author) - Kyoto University
Michael Köhl (Author) - Hamburg Institut
Henn Korjus (Author) - Estonian University of Life Sciences
Florian Kraxner (Author)
Dmitry Kucher (Author) - Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Diana Laarmann (Author) - Estonian University of Life Sciences
Simon L. Lewis (Author) - University of Leeds
Mait Lang (Author) - Estonian University of Life Sciences
Huicui Lu (Author) - Qingdao Agricultural University
Natalia V. Lukina (Author) - Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russian)
Brian S. Maitner (Author) - University of Arizona
Yadvinder Malhi (Author) - University of Oxford
Eric Marcon (Author)
Beatriz Schwantes Marimon (Author) - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
Ben Hur Marimon-Junior (Author) - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
Andrew R. Marshall (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Forest Research Institute
Emanuel H. Martin (Author) - College of African Wildlife Management
Jorge A. Meave (Author) - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Omar Melo-Cruz (Author) - University of Tolima
Casimiro Mendoza (Author) - Universidad Indígena Quechua Boliviana Casimiro Huanca
Cory Merow (Author) - University of Connecticut
Abel Monteagudo Mendoza (Author) - National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco
Vanessa S. Moreno (Author) - Forest Science and Research Institute
Sharif A. Mukul (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Forest Research Institute
Philip Mundhenk (Author) - Hamburg Institut
María Guadalupe Nava-Miranda (Author) - Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango
Victor J. Neldner (Author) - Queensland Department of Environment and Science
David Neill (Author) - Universidad Estatal Amazónica
Radovan V. Nevenic (Author) - Institute of Forestry
Michael R. Ngugi (Author) - Queensland Department of Environment and Science
Pascal A. Niklaus (Author)
Jacek Oleksyn (Author) - Institute of Dendrology
Petr Ontikov (Author) - Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi (Author) - Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Yude Pan (Author) - US Forest Service
Alain Paquette (Author) - Université du Québec
Alexander Parada-Gutierrez (Author) - Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado
Elena I. Parfenova (Author) - Sukachev Institute of Forest
Minjee Park (Author) - Purdue University West Lafayette
Marc Parren (Author) - Wageningen University & Research
Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy (Author) - Pondicherry University
Pablo L. Peri (Author) - National University of Austral Patagonia
Sebastian Pfautsch (Author) - Western Sydney University
Oliver L. Phillips (Author) - University of Leeds
Nicolas Picard (Author) - Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane
Maria Teresa F. Piedade (Author) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Nigel C. A. Pitman (Author) - Field Museum of Natural History
Daniel Piotto (Author) - Federal Reserve
Irina Mendoza-Polo (Author) - Jardín Botánico de Medellín (Medellin, Colombia)
Axel D. Poulsen (Author) - Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
John R. Poulsen (Author) - Duke University
Hans Pretzsch (Author) - Technical University of Munich
Freddy Ramirez Arevalo (Author) - Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Zorayda Restrepo-Correa (Author) - Fundación Con Vida
Mirco Rodeghiero (Author) - Fondazione Edmund Mach
Samir G. Rolim (Author) - Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia
Anand Roopsind (Author)
Francesco Rovero (Author) - University of Florence
Ervan Rutishauser (Author) - Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Purabi Saikia (Author) - Central University of Jharkhand
Christian Salas-Eljatib (Author) - Universidad Mayor
Philippe Saner (Author)
Peter Schall (Author) - University of Göttingen
Mart-Jan Schelhaas (Author) - Wageningen University & Research
Dmitry Schepaschenko (Author) - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Michael Scherer-Lorenzen (Author) - University of Freiburg
Jochen Schöngart (Author) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Bernhard Schmid (Author) - University of Zurich
Eric B. Searle (Author)
Vladimír Seben (Author) - National Forest Centre
Josep M. Serra-Diaz (Author) - Silva
Douglas Sheil (Author) - Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Anatoly Z. Shvidenko (Author) - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Javier E. Silva-Espejo (Author) - University of La Serena
Marcos Silveira (Author) - Universidade Federal do Acre
James Singh (Author) - Guyana Forestry Commission
Plinio Sist (Author) - Université de Montpellier
Ferry Slik (Author) - Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Bonaventure Sonké (Author) - Université de Yaoundé I
Alexandre F. Souza (Author) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Stanislaw Miścicki (Author) - Warsaw University of Life Sciences
Krzysztof J. Stereńczak (Author) - Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Jens-Christian Svenning (Author) - Aarhus University
Miroslav Svoboda (Author) - Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
Ben Swanepoel (Author) - Wildlife Conservation Society
Natalia Targhetta (Author) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Hans ter Steege (Author) - Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Nadja Tchebakova (Author) - Sukachev Institute of Forest
Raquel Thomas (Author) - Guiana Space Centre
Elena Tikhonova (Author) - Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russian)
Peter M. Umunay (Author) - Yale University
Vladimir A. Usoltsev (Author) - Ural State Forestry Engineering University
Renato Valencia (Author) - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador
Fernando Valladares (Author) - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
Fons van der Plas (Author) - Wageningen University & Research
Tran Van Do (Author)
Michael E. van Nuland (Author) - Stanford University
Rodolfo M. Vasquez (Author) - Jardín Botánico de Missouri (Pasco, Peru)
Hans Verbeeck (Author) - Ghent University
Helder Viana (Author) - Polytechnic Institute of Viseu
Alexander C. Vibrans (Author) - Universidade Regional de Blumenau
Simone Vieira (Author) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Klaus von Gadow (Author)
Hua-Feng Wang (Author) - Hainan University
James V. Watson (Author)
Gijsbert D. A. Werner (Author) - University of Oxford
Susan K. Wiser (Author) - Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research
Bertil Westerlund (Author) - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Florian Wittmann (Author) - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Hannsjoerg Woell (Author) - Ghent University
Verginia Wortel (Author) - Multi Electrical System
Roderick Zagt (Author) - Tropenbos International
Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki (Author) - Polish State Forests (Warsaw, Poland)
Chunyu Zhang (Author)
Xiuhai Zhao (Author) - Beijing Forestry University
Mo Zhou (Author) - Purdue University West Lafayette
Zhi-Xin Zhu (Author) - Hainan University
Irie C. Zo-Bi (Author) - Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny
Constantin M. Zohner (Author) - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich
Publication details: Nature Plants, Vol.9, pp.1795-1809
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Date published: 2023
DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5
ISSN: 2055-0278; 2055-026X
Copyright note: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Organisation Unit: Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research; Tropical Forests and People Research Centre; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Science, Technology and Engineering; Forest Research Institute
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99971187902621
Output Type: Journal article

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