The epidemiological trend of monkeypox and monkeypox-varicella zoster viruses co-infection in North-Eastern Nigeria

Roland Stephen; Faith Alele; Jamiu Olumoh; Jennifer Tyndall; Malachy Ifeanyi Okeke; Oyelola Adegboye

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1256195

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The epidemiological trend of monkeypox and monkeypox-varicella zoster viruses co-infection in North-Eastern Nigeria

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

The epidemiological trend of monkeypox and monkeypox-varicella zoster viruses co-infection in North-Eastern Nigeria

Roland Stephen, Faith Alele, Jamiu Olumoh, Jennifer Tyndall, Malachy Ifeanyi Okeke and Oyelola Adegboye

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol.10, pp.1-10

2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1256195

PMID: 37554731

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Abstract

monkeypox virus

varicella zoster virus

Nigeria

coinfection

Background: Monkeypox (MPX) is endemic in Nigeria, but it was first reported in Adamawa state, North-Eastern Nigeria, in January 2022. There are currently 172 cases of MPX in Nigeria, with four reported deaths, and Adamawa has the second-highest case count. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the epidemiological profile of this viral disease. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The skin and blood samples were screened for the presence for Monkeypox virus (MPXV) and Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) DNA by real-time PCR; the clinical diagnosis was based on symptoms of visual signs of skin lesions and other clinical symptoms from January to July 2022. Results: A total of 33 suspected cases aged 1–57 years [26 (79%) males vs. 7 (21%) females] were screened for MPX and VZV. Twenty-four (72.7%) were positive (6.1% were MPX only, 39% were VZV only, and 27% were both MPX and VZV). Most cases of MPX (82%), VZV (69%) and MPX-VZV co-infection (78%) occurred in males. More than half (54%) of those infected were children and adolescents between 0 and 19 years. All patients experienced body rashes and itching, and other clinical symptoms included fever, headache, mouth sores, muscle aches and lymphadenopathy. Over 64 and 86% of patients had contact with livestock and rodents, respectively. Conclusion: MPXV, VZV and MPXV-VZV co-infections occurred predominantly among males and children in Adamawa state, Nigeria. Given the patient contact with rodents and livestock, further research on the animal reservoir is needed to highlight the transmission of MPXV in Adamawa.

Details

Title: The epidemiological trend of monkeypox and monkeypox-varicella zoster viruses co-infection in North-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Roland Stephen (Author) - Modibbo Adama University of Technology
Faith Alele (Author) - James Cook University
Jamiu Olumoh (Author) - American University of Nigeria
Jennifer Tyndall (Author) - American University of Nigeria
Malachy Ifeanyi Okeke (Author) - American University of Nigeria
Oyelola Adegboye (Corresponding Author) - James Cook University
Publication details: Frontiers in Public Health, Vol.10, pp.1-10
Publisher: Frontiers in Public Health
Date published: 2022
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1256195
ISSN: 2296-2565
PMID: 37554731
Copyright note: © 2022 Stephen, Alele, Olumoh, Tyndall, Okeke and Adegboye. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Organisation Unit: School of Health - Public Health
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99967696102621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

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