The effect of elevating the heels on spinal kinematics and kinetics during the back squat in trained and novice weight trainers

Mark Sayers; Caroline Bachem; Pascal Schutz; William R Taylor; Renate List; Silvio Lorenzetti; S H Hosseni Nasab

doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1738675

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The effect of elevating the heels on spinal kinematics and kinetics during the back squat in trained and novice weight trainers

Mark Sayers, Caroline Bachem, Pascal Schutz, William R Taylor, Renate List, Silvio Lorenzetti and S H Hosseni Nasab

Journal of Sports Sciences, Vol.38(9), pp.1000-1008

2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1738675

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Abstract

high bar back squat

weightlifting shoes

spinal curvature

statistical parametric mapping

This research assessed the influence of various heel elevation conditions on spinal kinematic and kinetic data during loaded (25% and 50% of body weight) high-bar back squats. Ten novice (mass 67.6±12.4 kg, height 1.73±0.10 m) and ten regular weight trainers (mass 66.0±10.7 kg, height 1.71±0.09 m) completed eight repetitions at each load wearing conventional training shoes standing on the flat level floor (LF) and on an inclined board (EH). The regular weight training group performed an additional eight repetitions wearing weightlifting shoes (WS). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM1D) and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to assess differences in spinal curvature and kinetics across the shoe/floor conditions and loads. SPM1D analyses indicated that during the LF condition the novice weight trainers had greater moments around L4/L5 than the regular weight trainers during the last 20% of the lift (P < 0.05), with this difference becoming non-significant during the EH condition. This study indicates that from a perspective of spinal safety, it appears advantageous for novice weight trainers to perform back squats with their heels slightly elevated, while regular weight trainers appear to realize only limited benefits performing back squats with either EH or WS.

Details

Title: The effect of elevating the heels on spinal kinematics and kinetics during the back squat in trained and novice weight trainers
Authors: Mark Sayers (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - School of Health and Sports Sciences
Caroline Bachem (Author) - ETH Institute for Biomechanics, Switzerland
Pascal Schutz (Author) - ETH Institute for Biomechanics, Switzerland
William R Taylor (Author) - ETH Institute for Biomechanics, Switzerland
Renate List (Author) - ETH Institute for Biomechanics, Switzerland
Silvio Lorenzetti (Author) - ETH Institute for Biomechanics, Switzerland
S H Hosseni Nasab (Author) - ETH Institute for Biomechanics, Switzerland
Publication details: Journal of Sports Sciences, Vol.38(9), pp.1000-1008
Publisher: Routledge
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1738675
ISSN: 0264-0414
Organisation Unit: School of Health - High Performance Sport; School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Health and Sport Sciences - Legacy; School of Health - Sports & Exercise Science
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99450834902621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Sport Sciences

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