Temporal variation of the skin bacterial community and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in the terrestrial cryptic frog Philoria loveridgei

M F López; E A Rebollar; R N Harris; V T Vredenburg; Jean-Marc Hero

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02535

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Temporal variation of the skin bacterial community and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in the terrestrial cryptic frog Philoria loveridgei

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Temporal variation of the skin bacterial community and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in the terrestrial cryptic frog Philoria loveridgei

M F López, E A Rebollar, R N Harris, V T Vredenburg and Jean-Marc Hero

Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol.8, 2535

2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02535

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Abstract

amphibians

bacteria diversity

chytridiomycosis

philoria loveridge

skin bacteria

In animals and plants, symbiotic bacteria can play an important role in disease resistance of host and are the focus of much current research. Globally, amphibian population declines and extinctions have occurred due to chytridiomycosis, a skin disease caused by the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Currently amphibian skin bacteria are increasingly recognized as important symbiont communities with a relevant role in the defense against pathogens, as some bacteria can inhibit the growth of B. dendrobatidis. This study aims to document the B. dendrobatidis infection status of wild populations of a terrestrial cryptic frog (Philoria loveridgei), and to determine whether infection status is correlated with changes in the skin microbial communities. Skin samples of P. loveridgei were collected along an altitudinal range within the species distribution in subtropical rainforests in southeast Australia. Sampling was conducted in two years during two breeding seasons with the first classified as a "La Niña" year. We used Taqman real-time PCR to determine B. dendrobatidis infection status and 16S amplicon sequencing techniques to describe the skin community structure. We found B. dendrobatidis-positive frogs only in the second sampling year with low infection intensities, and no correlation between B. dendrobatidis infection status and altitude, frog sex or size. Skin bacterial diversity was significantly higher in P. loveridgei frogs sampled in the 1st year than in the 2nd year. In addition, 7.4% of the total OTUs were significantly more abundant in the 1st year compared to the 2nd year. We identified 67 bacterial OTUs with a significant positive correlation between infection intensity and an OTU's relative abundance. Forty-five percent of these OTUs belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Overall, temporal variation was strongly associated with changes in B. dendrobatidis infection status and bacterial community structure of wild populations of P. loveridgei. © 2017 Familiar López, Rebollar, Harris, Vredenburg and Hero.

Details

Title: Temporal variation of the skin bacterial community and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in the terrestrial cryptic frog Philoria loveridgei
Authors: M F López (Author) - Griffith University
E A Rebollar (Author) - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
R N Harris (Author) - James Madison University, United States
V T Vredenburg (Author) - San Francisco State University, United States
Jean-Marc Hero (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering
Publication details: Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol.8, 2535; 12
Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation
Date published: 2017
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02535
ISSN: 1664-302X
Copyright note: Copyright © 2017 Familiar López, Rebollar, Harris, Vredenburg and Hero. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99450355102621
Output Type: Journal article

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Web Of Science research areas: Microbiology

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