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Swimming performance, physiology, and post-activation performance enhancement following dryland transition phase warmup A systematic review1.04 MB
Published VersionCC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Swimming performance, physiology, and post-activation performance enhancement following dryland transition phase warmup: A systematic review
PLoS One, Vol.17(8), pp.1-31
2022
PMCID: PMC9387820
PMID: 35980952
Abstract
Background: In swimming, the period between the end of the swimming warmup and the beginning of competition is critical to performance, here termed the transition phase. Several options are available during this phase, necessitating a systematic review to understand if optimal strategies exist. Objectives: To synthesise and critically evaluate the current literature investigating land-based warmup interventions on subsequent performance in competitive swimmers. Methods: A search of three electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCO SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) was conducted to identify original studies until February 2022. Selection criteria dictated that (i) a control condition was used, (ii) participants were ≥ 15 years of age, (iii) a pool-based warmup was done prior to the land-based warmup. A total of 25 articles met the selection criteria. Results: Reducing the transition phase duration by at least half led to consistently faster time-trial times of between 1.1-1.5% for all included studies. Passive warmups using clothing interventions resulted in mostly faster time-trial's of 0.4-0.8% with increases in skin temperature frequent, though little change occurred in core temperature. The methodology of passive respiratory warmups were vastly different with positive time-trial's effects ranging between 0.9-1.1% for two studies, though one reported no meaningful difference. Active warmups led to consistently faster time-trial's between 0.7-0.9%, though the unpinning factors are not clear. Warmups which combined passive and active options frequently led to faster time-trial's between 0.8-3%. Upper and combined limb post-activation performance enhancement led to mostly unfavourable time-trial changes. Lower limb exclusive protocols results were inconsistent, with limited beneficial effects on time-trial or start performance reported following plyometric protocols. However, there does appear merit in heavier loaded lower limb protocols. Conclusion: Each of a reduced transition phase length, and passive, active or combination warmup have demonstrated improvements in swimming performance. Conversely, PAPE protocols should be used with caution, especially when including the upper limbs.
Details
- Title
- Swimming performance, physiology, and post-activation performance enhancement following dryland transition phase warmup: A systematic review
- Authors
- Max R McKenzie (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - LegacyMark R McKean (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - LegacyDanielle P Doyle (Author) - Queensland Academy of SportLuke W Hogarth (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - LegacyBrendan J Burkett (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy
- Publication details
- PLoS One, Vol.17(8), pp.1-31
- Audience
- Academic
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science
- Date published
- 2022
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0273248
- ISSN
- 1932-6203
- PMID
- 35980952; PMC9387820
- Copyright note
- © 2022 McKenzie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- Organisation Unit
- High Performance Sport - Legacy; School of Health - High Performance Sport; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Health - Sports & Exercise Science; School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99666998202621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web Of Science research areas
- Sport Sciences