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Survival of two ecologically distinct bacteria (Flavobacterium and Arthrobacter) in unplanted and rhizosphere soil: Laboratory studies
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Survival of two ecologically distinct bacteria (Flavobacterium and Arthrobacter) in unplanted and rhizosphere soil: Laboratory studies

I P Thompson, K A Cook, G Lethbridge and Richard G Burns
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol.22(8), pp.1029-1037
1990
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(90)90028-X
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https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(90)90028-XView
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Abstract

bacteria competition predation rhizosphere survival Arthrobacter Flavobacterium
The survival or two ecologically distinct bacteria was studied for up to 100 days in laboratory soil microcosms. A triple antibiotic resistant Flavobacterium (P25; kmr, smr, rifr) was chosen as an example of "zymogenous" bacteria, defined as those which grow rapidly when simple nutrient sources are readily available. For comparison, a single antibiotic and methyl red resistant Arthrobacter strain (A109; smr) was selected as an example of "autochthonous" bacteria, which are denned as those members of the soil rnicroflora which tend to be present in constant numbers and show low but consistent levels of activity. A109 survived longer and in greater numbers than did P25 in both non-sterile unplanted (A109 t90 = 41.2 days. t 99 = > 100 days; P25 t 90 = 4.8 days, t 99 = 6.3 days, t 99.9 = 8.2 days. BQL = 12 days) and rhizosphere soil (A109 t 90 = 8.0 days, t 99 = 78.2 days, t 99.9 = > 100 days; P25 t 90 = 2.8 days, t 99 = 5.3 days. t 99.9 = 9.0 days, BQL = 60.0 days); where t90, t99, t99.9 represents the real or extrapolated time for the population to decrease to 90%. 99% and 99.9% of the original inoculum density (4.0 × 106g-1 soil) and BQL is below quantifiable limits (< 1.0 × 102g-1 soil). Numbers of P25 fell BQL in non-sterile soil 12 days after introduction. Although P25 survived longer in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane than it did in unplanted soil. its numbers still fell to BQL within 60.0 and 41.3 days. respectively. Both organisms survived better in heat-sterilized than non-sterile soil, suggesting that inoculum death in non-sterile soil was due to competition from and predation by the indigenous community plus a lack of soluble nutrients. The presence of an established inoculum reduced the survival of a second introduced bacterium, most noticeably when P25 was introduced 21 days after A109. Starving the culture or growing it under nutrient limiting conditions prior to introduction to soil affected survival of P25 but not A109. © 1990.

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