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Structural and functional connectivity underlying grey matter covariance: impact of developmental insult
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Structural and functional connectivity underlying grey matter covariance: impact of developmental insult

Casey Paquola, Maxwell Bennett and Jim Lagopoulos
Brain Connectivity, Vol.8(5), pp.299-310
2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2018.0584
Appears in  Thompson Institute Research Collection
url
https://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2018.0584View
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Abstract

Neuroimaging Thompson Institute Special Collection
Structural covariance networks (SCNs) may offer unique insights into the developmental impact of childhood maltreatment because they are thought to reflect coordinated maturation of distinct grey matter regions. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired from 121 young people with emerging mental illness. Diffusion weighted and resting state functional imaging was also acquired from a random subset of the participants (n=62). Ten study-specific SCNs were identified using a whole brain grey matter independent component analysis. The effects of childhood maltreatment and age on average grey matter density and the expression of each SCN were calculated. Childhood maltreatment was linked to age-related decreases in grey matter density across a SCN that overlapped with the default mode and fronto-parietal networks. Resting state functional connectivity and structural connectivity were calculated in the study-specific SCN and across the whole brain. Grey matter covariance was significantly correlated with rsFC across the SCN, and rsFC fully mediated the relationship between grey matter covariance and structural connectivity in the non-maltreated group. A unique association of grey matter covariance with structural connectivity was detected amongst individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment. Perturbation of grey matter development across the default mode and fronto-parietal networks following childhood maltreatment may have significant implications for mental well-being, given the networks' roles in self-referential activity. Cross-modal comparisons suggest reduced grey matter following childhood maltreatment could arise from deficient functional activity earlier in life.

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