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Published VersionCC BY-NC-ND V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Stroop task and practice effects demonstrate cognitive dysfunction in long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome
Scientific Reports, Vol.14(1), pp.1-17
2024
PMID: 39500939
Appears in Thompson Institute Research Collection
Abstract
Background: The Stroop task was used to investigate differences in cognitive function between Long COVID (LC), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and healthy control subjects. Methods: Subjects viewed four color words or neutral (XXXX) stimuli with the same (congruent) or different color ink (incongruent). Cognitive conflict was inferred from response times for pairings of prestimuli and subsequent stimuli. Overall effects were assessed by univariate analysis with time courses determined for binned response times. Results: LC and ME/CFS had significantly longer response times than controls indicating cognitive dysfunction. Initial response times were ranked LC > ME > HC, and decreased according to power functions. At the end of the task (900s), times were ranked LC = ME > HC. Response times were significantly slower for stimuli following an incongruent prestimulus. Time series for Stroop effect, facilitation, interference, surprise index and practice power law parameters were generally similar in LC, ME/CFS and HC suggesting comparable patterns for recruitment of cognitive resources. The prestimulus data were analyzed and generated positive Stroop and interference effects that were distinct from stimulus effects. Conclusion: LC and ME/CFS have global slowing of response times that cannot be overcome by practice suggesting impaired communications between network nodes during problem solving. Analysis of matched prestimulus – stimulus effects adds a new dimension for understanding cognitive conflict. Brief Summary: Cognitive dysfunction in Long COVID and ME/CFS was demonstrated using the Stroop task which found global slowing of response times and limitations of practice effects.
Details
- Title
- Stroop task and practice effects demonstrate cognitive dysfunction in long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome
- Authors
- James N Baraniuk (Corresponding Author) - Georgetown UniversityKiran Thapaliya - Griffith UniversityMaira Inderyas - Griffith UniversityZack Y Shan - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Thompson InstituteLeighton R Barnden - Griffith University
- Publication details
- Scientific Reports, Vol.14(1), pp.1-17
- Publisher
- Nature Publishing Group
- Date published
- 2024
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41598-024-75651-3
- ISSN
- 2045-2322; 2045-2322
- PMID
- 39500939
- Copyright note
- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
- Data Availability
- All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
- Grant note
- The Stafford Fox Medical Research Foundation.
- Organisation Unit
- Thompson Institute
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 991081897102621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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