Stone Fruit Seed: A Source of Renewable Fuel for Transport

M Anwar; M G Rasul; N M S Hassan; M I Jahirul; Rezwanul Haque; M M Hasan; A G M B Mustayen; R Karami; D Schaller

doi:10.3390/en15134667

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Stone Fruit Seed: A Source of Renewable Fuel for Transport

Journal article

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Peer reviewed

Stone Fruit Seed: A Source of Renewable Fuel for Transport

M Anwar, M G Rasul, N M S Hassan, M I Jahirul, Rezwanul Haque, M M Hasan, A G M B Mustayen, R Karami and D Schaller

Energies, Vol.15(13), pp.1-21

2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134667

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Abstract

stone fruit

apricot

binary

combustion

emissions

diesel engine

biodiesel

transesterification

particulate matter emission

This study investigated the suitability of stone fruit seed as a source of biodiesel for transport. Stone fruit oil (SFO) was extracted from the seed and converted into biodiesel. The biodiesel yield of 95.75% was produced using the alkaline catalysed transesterification process with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, KOH catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt% (weight %), and a reaction temperature of 55 °C for 60 min. The physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel were determined and found to be the closest match of standard diesel. The engine performance, emissions and combustion behaviour of a four-cylinder diesel engine fuelled with SFO biodiesel blends of 5%, 10% and 20% with diesel, v/v basis, were tested. The testing was performed at 100% engine load with speed ranging from 200 to 2400 rpm. The average brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency of SFO blends were found to be 4.7% to 15.4% higher and 3.9% to 11.4% lower than those of diesel, respectively. The results also revealed that SFO biodiesel blends have marginally lower in-cylinder pressure and a higher heat release rate compared to diesel. The mass fraction burned results of SFO biodiesel blends were found to be slightly faster than those of diesel. The SFO biodiesel 5% blend produced about 1.9% higher NOx emissions and 17.4% lower unburnt HC with 23.4% lower particulate matter (PM) compared to diesel fuel. To summarise, SFO biodiesel blends are recommended as a suitable transport fuel for addressing engine emissions problems and improving combustion performance with a marginal sacrifice of engine efficiency. View Full-Text

Details

Title: Stone Fruit Seed: A Source of Renewable Fuel for Transport
Authors: M Anwar (Author) - Central Queensland University
M G Rasul (Author) - Central Queensland University
N M S Hassan (Author) - Central Queensland University
M I Jahirul (Author) - Central Queensland University
Rezwanul Haque (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
M M Hasan (Author) - Central Queensland University
A G M B Mustayen (Author) - University of Tasmania
R Karami (Author) - Persian Gulf University
D Schaller (Author) - Southern Oil Refineries
Publication details: Energies, Vol.15(13), pp.1-21
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2022
DOI: 10.3390/en15134667
ISSN: 1996-1073
Copyright note: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99649578602621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Energy & Fuels