Speciation and lability of Ag-, AgCl-, and Ag2S-nanoparticles in soil determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffusive gradients in thin films

Ryo Sekine; G Brunetti; E Donner; M Khaksar; K Vasilev; A˚ K Jämting; K G Scheckel; P Kappen; H Zhang; E Lombi

doi:10.1021/es504229h

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Speciation and lability of Ag-, AgCl-, and Ag2S-nanoparticles in soil determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffusive gradients in thin films

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Peer reviewed

Speciation and lability of Ag-, AgCl-, and Ag2S-nanoparticles in soil determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffusive gradients in thin films

Ryo Sekine, G Brunetti, E Donner, M Khaksar, K Vasilev, A˚ K Jämting, K G Scheckel, P Kappen, H Zhang and E Lombi

Environmental Science and Technology, Vol.49(2), pp.897-905

2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es504229h

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Abstract

Soils

Alkalinity

Chlorine compounds

Diffusion in solids

Nanoparticles

Silver compounds

Silver halides

Sulfur

Thin films

X ray absorption spectroscopy

Acidic conditions

Chemical equations

Different soils

Diffusive gradients in thin films

Long

Long-term speciation and lability of silver (Ag-), silver chloride (AgCl-), and silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NPs) in soil were studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and newly developed "nano" Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) devices. These nano-DGT devices were designed specifically to avoid confounding effects when measuring element lability in the presence of nanoparticles. The aging profile and stabilities of the three nanoparticles and AgNO3 (ionic Ag) in soil were examined at three different soil pH values over a period of up to 7 months. Transformation of ionic Ag, Ag-NP and AgCl-NPs were dependent on pH. AgCl formation and persistence was observed under acidic conditions, whereas sulfur-bound forms of Ag dominated in neutral to alkaline soils. Ag2S-NPs were found to be very stable under all conditions tested and remained sulfur bound after 7 months of incubation. Ag lability was characteristically low in soils containing Ag2S-NPs. Other forms of Ag were linked to higher DGT-determined lability, and this varied as a function of aging and related speciation changes as determined by XAS. These results clearly indicate that Ag2S-NPs, which are the most environmentally relevant form of Ag that enter soils, are chemically stable and have profoundly low Ag lability over extended periods. This may minimize the long-term risks of Ag toxicity in the soil environment. (Chemical Equation Presented).

Details

Title: Speciation and lability of Ag-, AgCl-, and Ag2S-nanoparticles in soil determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffusive gradients in thin films
Authors: Ryo Sekine (Author) - University of South Australia
G Brunetti (Author) - University of South Australia
E Donner (Author) - University of South Australia
M Khaksar (Author) - University of South Australia
K Vasilev (Author) - University of South Australia
A˚ K Jämting (Author) - National Measurement Institute
K G Scheckel (Author) - Environmental Protection Agency
P Kappen (Author) - Australian Synchrotron
H Zhang (Author) - Lancaster University
E Lombi (Author) - University of South Australia
Publication details: Environmental Science and Technology, Vol.49(2), pp.897-905
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Date published: 2015
DOI: 10.1021/es504229h
ISSN: 0013-936X; 0013-936X
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99513873902621
Output Type: Journal article

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