Societal determinants of violent death: The extent to which social, economic, and structural characteristics explain differences in violence across Australia, Canada, and the United States

Natalie J Wilkins; Xinjian Zhang; Karin A Mack; Angela J Clapperton; Alison Macpherson; David Sleet; Marcie-jo Kresnow-Sedacca; Michael F Ballesteros; Donovan Newton; James Murdoch; J. Morag Mackay; Janneke Berecki-Gisolf; Angela Marr; Theresa Armstead; Roderick McClure

doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100431

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Societal determinants of violent death: The extent to which social, economic, and structural characteristics explain differences in violence across Australia, Canada, and the United States

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Societal determinants of violent death: The extent to which social, economic, and structural characteristics explain differences in violence across Australia, Canada, and the United States

Natalie J Wilkins, Xinjian Zhang, Karin A Mack, Angela J Clapperton, Alison Macpherson, David Sleet, Marcie-jo Kresnow-Sedacca, Michael F Ballesteros, Donovan Newton, James Murdoch, …

SSM - Population Health, Vol.8, pp.1-11

2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100431

PMCID: PMC6660557

PMID: 31372487

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Abstract

Alcohol outlet density

Economic stress

Homicide

Income inequality

Self-employment

Suicide

Violence

In this ecological study, we attempt to quantify the extent to which differences in homicide and suicide death rates between three countries, and among states/provinces within those countries, may be explained by differences in their social, economic, and structural characteristics. We examine the relationship between state/province level measures of societal risk factors and state/province level rates of violent death (homicide and suicide) across Australia, Canada, and the United States. Census and mortality data from each of these three countries were used. Rates of societal level characteristics were assessed and included residential instability, self-employment, income inequality, gender economic inequity, economic stress, alcohol outlet density, and employment opportunities). Residential instability, self-employment, and income inequality were associated with rates of both homicide and suicide and gender economic inequity was associated with rates of suicide only. This study opens lines of inquiry around what contributes to the overall burden of violence-related injuries in societies and provides preliminary findings on potential societal characteristics that are associated with differences in injury and violence rates across populations.

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Title: Societal determinants of violent death: The extent to which social, economic, and structural characteristics explain differences in violence across Australia, Canada, and the United States
Authors: Natalie J Wilkins (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Xinjian Zhang (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Karin A Mack (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Angela J Clapperton (Author) - Monash University
Alison Macpherson (Author) - York University
David Sleet (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Marcie-jo Kresnow-Sedacca (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Michael F Ballesteros (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Donovan Newton (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
James Murdoch (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
J. Morag Mackay (Author) - Safe Kids Worldwide
Janneke Berecki-Gisolf (Author) - Monash University
Angela Marr (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Theresa Armstead (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Roderick McClure (Author) - University of New England
Publication details: SSM - Population Health, Vol.8, pp.1-11
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd
Date published: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100431
ISSN: 2352-8273
PMID: 31372487; PMC6660557
Copyright note: This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0/).
Organisation Unit: Centre for Human Factors and Systems Science; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99651250802621
Output Type: Journal article