Single versus Split Dose of Iron Optimizes Hemoglobin Mass Gains at 2106 m Altitude

Rebecca Hall; P Peeling; E Nemeth; D Bergland; W T P McCluskey; T Stellingwerff

doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001847

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Single versus Split Dose of Iron Optimizes Hemoglobin Mass Gains at 2106 m Altitude

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Single versus Split Dose of Iron Optimizes Hemoglobin Mass Gains at 2106 m Altitude

Rebecca Hall, P Peeling, E Nemeth, D Bergland, W T P McCluskey and T Stellingwerff

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol.51(4), pp.751-759

2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001847

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Abstract

Purpose: To determine if a single versus a split equivalent daily dose of elemental iron was superior for hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) gains at altitude while minimizing gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort. Methods: Twenty-four elite runners attended a 3.1±0.3 wk training camp (Flagstaff, AZ; 2106 m). A two-group design, randomized and stratified to baseline Hbmass, sex, and ferritin (>30 μ.L -1 ), was implemented daily as: 1) single dose of 1 × 200 mg (pm only, SINGLE) versus 2) split dose of 2 × 100 mg (am and pm; SPLIT) elemental iron (ferrous fumarate). The Hbmass and venipuncture assessments were completed upon arrival and departure (±2 d) from camp for ferritin, hepcidin, and erythroferrone (ERFE) concentrations. Validated food frequency, GI distress, menstrual blood loss (MBL) and training questionnaires were implemented throughout. Univariate analysis was used to compare Hbmass, with baseline ferritin, dietary iron intake, MBL, and training volume used as covariates. Results: Both conditions increased Hbmass from baseline (P < 0.05), with SINGLE (867.3±47.9 g) significantly higher than SPLIT (828.9±48.9 g) (P = 0.048). The GI scores were worse in SINGLE for weeks 1 and 2 combined (SINGLE, 18.0±6.7 points; SPLIT, 11.3±6.9 points; P = 0.025); however, GI scores improved by week 3, resulting in no between-group differences (P = 0.335). Hepcidin significantly decreased over time (P = 0.043) in SINGLE, with a nonsignificant decrease evident in SPLIT (22%). ERFE significantly decreased in both groups (28.5%; P < 0.05). No between-group differences existed for ERFE, hepcidin, food frequency, MBL, or daily training outcomes (P > 0.05). Conclusions: A single nightly 200-mg dose of elemental iron was superior to a split dose for optimizing Hbmass changes at altitude in runners over an approximately 3-wk training camp.

Details

Title: Single versus Split Dose of Iron Optimizes Hemoglobin Mass Gains at 2106 m Altitude
Authors: Rebecca Hall (Author) - Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Canada
P Peeling (Author) - University of Western Australia
E Nemeth (Author) - University of California, United States
D Bergland (Author) - Hypo2 High Performance Sport Center, United States
W T P McCluskey (Author) - Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Canada
T Stellingwerff (Author) - Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Canada
Publication details: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol.51(4), pp.751-759
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Date published: 2019
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001847
ISSN: 0195-9131; 0195-9131
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Health and Sport Sciences - Legacy; School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99451465402621
Output Type: Journal article

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Web Of Science research areas: Sport Sciences

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