Journal article
Silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NPs) are taken up by plants and are phytotoxic
Nanotoxicology, Vol.9(8), pp.1041-1049
2015
PMID: 25686712
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (NPs) are used in more consumer products than any other nanomaterial and their release into the environment is unavoidable. Of primary concern is the wastewater stream in which most silver NPs are transformed to silver sulfide NPs (Ag2S-NPs) before being applied to agricultural soils within biosolids. While Ag2S-NPs are assumed to be biologically inert, nothing is known of their effects on terrestrial plants. The phytotoxicity of Ag and its accumulation was examined in short-term (24 h) and longer-term (2-week) solution culture experiments with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to Ag2S-NPs (0-20 mg Ag L-1), metallic Ag-NPs (0-1.6 mg Ag L-1), or ionic Ag (AgNO3; 0-0.086 mg Ag L-1). Although not inducing any effects during 24-h exposure, Ag2S-NPs reduced growth by up to 52% over a 2-week period. This toxicity did not result from their dissolution and release of toxic Ag+ in the rooting medium, with soluble Ag concentrations remaining below 0.001 mg Ag L-1. Rather, Ag accumulated as Ag2S in the root and shoot tissues when plants were exposed to Ag2S-NPs, consistent with their direct uptake. Importantly, this differed from the form of Ag present in tissues of plants exposed to AgNO3. For the first time, our findings have shown that Ag2S-NPs exert toxic effects through their direct accumulation in terrestrial plant tissues. These findings need to be considered to ensure high yield of food crops, and to avoid increasing Ag in the food chain.
Details
- Title
- Silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NPs) are taken up by plants and are phytotoxic
- Authors
- Peng Wang (Author) - The University of QueenslandNeal W Menzies (Author) - The University of QueenslandEnzo Lombi (Author) - University of South AustraliaRyo Sekine (Author) - University of South AustraliaF Pax C Blamey (Author) - The University of QueenslandMaria C Hernandez-Soriano (Author) - The University of QueenslandM Cheng (Author) - La Trobe UniversityPeter Kappen (Author) - Australian SynchrotronWillie J G M Peijnenburg (Author) - National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentCaixian Tang (Author) - La Trobe UniversityPeter M Kopittke (Author) - The University of Queensland
- Publication details
- Nanotoxicology, Vol.9(8), pp.1041-1049
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- Date published
- 2015
- DOI
- 10.3109/17435390.2014.999139
- ISSN
- 1743-5390; 1743-5404; 1743-5390
- PMID
- 25686712
- Organisation Unit
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Science, Technology and Engineering
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99513873502621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web Of Science research areas
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
- Toxicology
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