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Sandfish generations Loss of genetic diversity due to hatchery practices in the sea cucumber Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra1.74 MB
Published VersionCC BY-NC V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Sandfish generations: Loss of genetic diversity due to hatchery practices in the sea cucumber Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra
Aquaculture, Vol.578, pp.1-11
2024
Abstract
Hatcheries are indispensable for seed production of many commercial aquaculture species. However, for mass-spawning species in particular, they can be capricious environments where genetic diversity among progeny may be lost due to small effective broodstock population sizes, variable parental contributions and differential family survival. Understanding the genetic impacts of hatchery production is therefore important for addressing these problems and optimising propagation methods. We used 6051 genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to analyse genetic diversity, parental contributions and offspring kinship during a commercial-scale hatchery production run of sandfish (Holothuria scabra), a high-value sea cucumber grown in mariculture operations across the Indo-Pacific region. Broodstock contributions were highly skewed, with up to 26% of the parent pool contributing and kinship analyses determined that just two parents sired between 44.4 and 67.5% of all offspring genotyped. Effective population sizes were reduced as expected between broodstock and offspring groups (NeLD = 1121.2 vs. 19.4, respectively), while losses of allelic diversity but not overall heterozygosity were apparent. Numbers of families surviving (13–16) to the juvenile stage were low, suggesting low effective population sizes among offspring cohorts is an issue for sandfish hatchery operations. To address variability in family compositions and broodstock contributions, pedigree tracking and batch spawning may be used to optimize broodstock management and hatchery protocols, to ensure production of genetically diverse offspring for routine culture and restocking operations. As many sandfish broodstock remain wild-sourced, maintenance of healthy wild populations as reservoirs of genetic diversity is important, along with selection for spawning of genetically diverse individuals which are as distantly-related as possible.
Details
- Title
- Sandfish generations: Loss of genetic diversity due to hatchery practices in the sea cucumber Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra
- Authors
- Kelly T. Brown (Corresponding Author) - University of the South PacificPaul C. Southgate (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and EngineeringEpeli M. Loganimoce (Author) - University of the South PacificTeari Kaure (Author) - Ministry of Fisheries, FijiBrian Stockwell (Author) - Discipline of Marine Studies, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, FijiMonal M. Lal (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
- Publication details
- Aquaculture, Vol.578, pp.1-11
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Date published
- 2024
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740048
- ISSN
- 1873-5622; 0044-8486
- Copyright note
- This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/4.0/).
- Grants
- Grant note
- F3307-FST15-71502-001 / University of the South Pacific.
- Organisation Unit
- Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Science, Technology and Engineering
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99966895102621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web Of Science research areas
- Fisheries
- Marine & Freshwater Biology