Quantitative trait loci in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) reveal complex genetic architecture underlying variation in sex, yield and cone chemistry

E L McAdam; Jules S Freeman; S P Whittock; E J Buck; J Jakse; A Cerenak; B Javornik; A Kilian; C-H Wang; Dave Anderson; R E Vaillancourt; J Carling; R Beatson; Lawrence Graham; D Graham; P Darby; A Koutoulis

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-360

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Quantitative trait loci in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) reveal complex genetic architecture underlying variation in sex, yield and cone chemistry

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Quantitative trait loci in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) reveal complex genetic architecture underlying variation in sex, yield and cone chemistry

E L McAdam, Jules S Freeman, S P Whittock, E J Buck, J Jakse, A Cerenak, B Javornik, A Kilian, C-H Wang, Dave Anderson, …

BMC Genomics, Vol.14, 360

2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-360

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Abstract

linkage map

transferable marker

Diversity Arrays Technolgy DArT

pleiotropy

sexlinked marker

dry cone weight

plant secondary metabolite

hop acid

essential oil

Background: Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is cultivated for its cones, the secondary metabolites of which contribute bitterness, flavour and aroma to beer. Molecular breeding methods, such as marker assisted selection (MAS), have great potential for improving the efficiency of hop breeding. The success of MAS is reliant on the identification of reliable marker-trait associations. This study used quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis to identify marker-trait associations for hop, focusing on traits related to expediting plant sex identification, increasing yield capacity and improving bittering, flavour and aroma chemistry. Results: QTL analysis was performed on two new linkage maps incorporating transferable Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers. Sixty-three QTL were identified, influencing 36 of the 50 traits examined. A putative sex-linked marker was validated in a different pedigree, confirming the potential of this marker as a screening tool in hop breeding programs. An ontogenetically stable QTL was identified for the yield trait dry cone weight; and a QTL was identified for essential oil content, which verified the genetic basis for variation in secondary metabolite accumulation in hop cones. A total of 60 QTL were identified for 33 secondary metabolite traits. Of these, 51 were pleiotropic/linked, affecting a substantial number of secondary metabolites; nine were specific to individual secondary metabolites. Conclusions: Pleiotropy and linkage, found for the first time to influence multiple hop secondary metabolites, have important implications for molecular selection methods. The selection of particular secondary metabolite profiles using pleiotropic/linked QTL will be challenging because of the difficulty of selecting for specific traits without adversely changing others. QTL specific to individual secondary metabolites, however, offer unequalled value to selection programs. In addition to their potential for selection, the QTL identified in this study advance our understanding of the genetic control of traits of current economic and breeding significance in hop and demonstrate the complex genetic architecture underlying variation in these traits. The linkage information obtained in this study, based on transferable markers, can be used to facilitate the validation of QTL, crucial to the success of MAS.

Details

Title: Quantitative trait loci in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) reveal complex genetic architecture underlying variation in sex, yield and cone chemistry
Authors: E L McAdam (Author) - University of Tasmania
Jules S Freeman (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering
S P Whittock (Author) - University of Tasmania
E J Buck (Author) - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand
J Jakse (Author) - University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
A Cerenak (Author) - Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, Slovenia
B Javornik (Author) - University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
A Kilian (Author) - Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd
C-H Wang (Author) - Qingdao Agricultural University, China
Dave Anderson (Author) - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand
R E Vaillancourt (Author) - University of Tasmania
J Carling (Author) - Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd
R Beatson (Author) - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand
Lawrence Graham (Author) - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand
D Graham (Author) - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand
P Darby (Author) - Wye Hops Ltd., United Kingdom
A Koutoulis (Author) - University of Tasmania
Publication details: BMC Genomics, Vol.14, 360
Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.
Date published: 2013
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-360
ISSN: 1471-2164
Copyright note: Copyright © 2013 McAdam et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99449931102621
Output Type: Journal article

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