Protein Requirements of Pre-Menopausal Female Athletes: Systematic Literature Review

Drew Mercer; Lilia Convit; Dominique  Condo; Amelia Carr; D. Lee Hamilton; Gary Slater; Rhiannon M. J. Snipe

doi:10.3390/nu12113527

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Protein Requirements of Pre-Menopausal Female Athletes: Systematic Literature Review

Journal article

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Protein Requirements of Pre-Menopausal Female Athletes: Systematic Literature Review

Drew Mercer, Lilia Convit, Dominique Condo, Amelia Carr, D. Lee Hamilton, Gary Slater and Rhiannon M. J. Snipe

Nutrients, Vol.12(11), pp.1-20

2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113527

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Abstract

amino acids

muscle protein

exercise

menstrual cycle

contraceptives

This systematic literature review aimed to determine the protein requirements of pre-menopausal (e.g., 18–45 years) female athletes and identify if the menstrual cycle phase and/or hormonal contraceptive use influence protein requirements. Four databases were searched for original research containing pre-menopausal female athletes that ingested protein alongside exercise. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist was used to determine study quality. Fourteen studies, which included 204 recreationally active or competitive females, met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review, and all were assessed as positive quality. The estimated average requirement (EAR) for protein intake of pre-menopausal recreational and/or competitive female athletes is similar for those undertaking aerobic endurance (1.28–1.63 g/kg/day), resistance (1.49 g/kg/day) and intermittent exercise (1.41 g/kg/day) of ~60–90 min duration. The optimal acute protein intake and influence of menstrual cycle phase or hormonal contraceptive use on protein requirements could not be determined. However, pre- and post-exercise protein intakes of 0.32–0.38 g/kg have demonstrated beneficial physiological responses in recreational and competitive female athletes completing resistance and intermittent exercise. The protein requirements outlined in this review can be used for planning and assessing protein intakes of recreational and competitive pre-menopausal female athletes.

Details

Title: Protein Requirements of Pre-Menopausal Female Athletes: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Drew Mercer (Author) - Deakin University
Lilia Convit (Author) - Deakin University
Dominique Condo (Author) - Deakin University
Amelia Carr (Author) - Deakin University
D. Lee Hamilton (Author) - Deakin University
Gary Slater (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health and Sport Sciences - Legacy
Rhiannon M. J. Snipe (Author) - Deakin University
Publication details: Nutrients, Vol.12(11), pp.1-20
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/nu12113527
ISSN: 2072-6643
Copyright note: © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Health - Nutrition & Dietetics; School of Health and Sport Sciences - Legacy; School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99489007402621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Nutrition & Dietetics