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Price Discovery in the United States Ethanol Markets: A Dynamic Time Warping Approach
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Price Discovery in the United States Ethanol Markets: A Dynamic Time Warping Approach

Dragan Miljkovic and Puneet Vatsa
Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Vol.Advanced access
26-Feb-2026
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Published Version (Advanced Access)CC BY-NC V4.0 Open Access

Abstract

Agricultural economics corn crude oil ethanol machine learning price discovery
We employ dynamic time warping, a non-parametric approach to examine price discovery in three ethanol markets in the United States: Chicago, Omaha, and Stockton. Focusing on the lead-lag relationships between ethanol spot prices and futures prices for ethanol, corn, and crude oil, we show that these associations varied significantly across regions and over time, reflecting the heterogeneity of market structures and the influence of both supply-side fundamentals and energy market volatility. Our approach allows us to identify quick reversals in price leadership across markets. The findings underscore the importance of tailoring policy and risk management strategies to regional market conditions.

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