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Published VersionCC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Preparation of Cellulose Nanoparticles from Foliage by Bio-Enzyme Methods
Materials, Vol.14(16), pp.1-12
2021
Abstract
There are vast reserves of foliage in nature, which is an inexhaustible precious resource. In this study, the chemical components of five foliage types (pine needles, black locust tree leaves, bamboo leaves, elm leaves and poplar leaves) were analyzed, including cellulose content, hemicellulose content, and lignin content. The bio-enzymatic method was then used to prepare cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) from these five kinds of leaves, and the prepared CNPs were analyzed using TEM, FTIR, FESEM, and XRD. The results showed that the content of hemicellulose in bamboo leaves was the highest, and the lignin content in the other four leaves was the highest. The cellulose content in the five kinds of foliage was arranged from large to small as pine needles (20.5%), bamboo leaves (19.5%), black locust leaves (18.0%), elm leaves (17.6%), and poplar leaves (15.5%). TEM images showed that the CNPs prepared by the five kinds of foliage reached the nanometer level in width and the micrometer level in length; therefore, the CNPs prepared in this study belonged to cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The results of FTIR and XRD showed that CNFs prepared by the enzyme treatment exhibited a typical crystalline structure of cellulose II. The degree of crystallinity (DOC) of CNFs prepared from pine needle, poplar leaves, and bamboo leaves are 78.46%, 77.39%, and 81.51%, respectively. FESEM results showed that the CNFs prepared from pine needles, poplar leaves and bamboo leaves by enzymatic method presents a three-dimensional (3D) network structure, and their widths are 31 nm, 36 nm, and 37 nm, respectively. This study provides a meaningful reference for broadening the use of foliage types and improving their added value.
Details
- Title
- Preparation of Cellulose Nanoparticles from Foliage by Bio-Enzyme Methods
- Authors
- Zhengjie Tang (Author) - Southwest Forestry UniversityMingwei Yang (Author) - Southwest Forestry UniversityMingli Qiang (Author) - Southwest Forestry UniversityXiaoping Li (Author) - Southwest Forestry UniversityJeffrey J. Morrell (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, QueenslandYao Yao (Author) - Southwest Forestry UniversityYanwei Su (Author) - Southwest Forestry University
- Publication details
- Materials, Vol.14(16), pp.1-12
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Date published
- 2021
- DOI
- 10.3390/ma14164557
- ISSN
- 1996-1944
- Copyright note
- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Organisation Unit
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; National Centre for Timber Durability and Design Life; Forest Research Institute
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99569608502621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web Of Science research areas
- Chemistry, Physical
- Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
- Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
- Physics, Applied
- Physics, Condensed Matter