Predicting Wood Density Using Resistance Drilling: The Effect of Varying Feed Speed and RPM

Vilius Gendvilas; Geoffrey Downes; Marco Lausberg; Jonathan Harrington; David Lee

doi:10.3390/f15040579

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Predicting Wood Density Using Resistance Drilling: The Effect of Varying Feed Speed and RPM

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Predicting Wood Density Using Resistance Drilling: The Effect of Varying Feed Speed and RPM

Vilius Gendvilas, Geoffrey Downes, Marco Lausberg, Jonathan Harrington and David Lee

Forests, Vol.15(4), pp.1-13

2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f15040579

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Abstract

resistance drilling

IML-RESI Power Drill

basic density

chip thickness

Southern Pine

Radiata Pine

Hoop Pine

White Cypress

Shinning Gum

Spotted Gum

The IML PD series Resi is a device used to assess the drilling resistance of wood. The IML PD series Resi instrument is being widely adopted for commercial wood quality assessment due to its speed, cost-effectiveness, and precision when combined with web-based trace processing. Collecting Resi data with fixed feed speed and RPM settings is challenging due to inherent basic density variations within and between tree species. Altering these settings affects the drilling resistance amplitude of the Resi data, impacting basic density predictions. This study introduces the concept of chip thickness to combine feed speed and RPM into a single parameter to minimise the effects of different sampling conditions on the basic density predictions. Regression models, with chip thickness as the regressor variable, account for 97% to 99% of variance in mean Resi outerwood amplitude across six species. The demonstrated adaptability of chip thickness for adjusting feed speed and RPM settings, along with species-specific functions correlating it with Resi amplitude, holds promise for standardizing amplitude values across diverse feed speeds and RPM settings. Optimal sampling conditions needed to predict basic density lie within the 30%–40% amplitude range. To drill a ~30 cm diameter tree, the recommended fastest settings were 200 cm/min and 3500 RPM for Southern Pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (Engelm) × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénéclauze)) and Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata (D. Don.)), 200 cm/min and 2500 RPM for Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamii (Mudie)), 50 cm/min and 5000 RPM for Spotted Gum (Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (F. Muell.)), 200 cm/min and 4500 RPM for White Cypress (Callitris glaucophylla (Thompson & Johnson)), and 150 cm/min and 3500 RPM for Shining Gum (Eucalyptus nitens (H. Deane & Maiden) Maiden) based on the billets sampled.

Details

Title: Predicting Wood Density Using Resistance Drilling: The Effect of Varying Feed Speed and RPM
Authors: Vilius Gendvilas (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Forest Research Institute
Geoffrey Downes - Forest Quality Pty Ltd
Marco Lausberg - Wood Quality Consulting Limited (New Zealand)
Jonathan Harrington - Scion
David Lee - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Forest Research Institute
Publication details: Forests, Vol.15(4), pp.1-13
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2024
DOI: 10.3390/f15040579
ISSN: 1999-4907
Copyright note: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Data Availability: Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Organisation Unit: Forest Industries Research Centre; Forest Research Institute
Language: English
Record Identifier: 991020897202621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Forestry