Novel Biofuels Derivation and Characterisation From Macadamia Integrifolia, Undaria Pinnatifida and Tree Mulch via Advanced Pyrolysis

Md Nurun Nabi; Wisam K. Hussam; Mohammad G. Rasul; Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury; Md Islam Jahirul; Roksana Yasmin; Peter Brooks; Nahina Islam; Alia H. Marafie

doi:10.1155/er/6049005

Back

Novel Biofuels Derivation and Characterisation From Macadamia Integrifolia, Undaria Pinnatifida and Tree Mulch via Advanced Pyrolysis

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Novel Biofuels Derivation and Characterisation From Macadamia Integrifolia, Undaria Pinnatifida and Tree Mulch via Advanced Pyrolysis

Md Nurun Nabi, Wisam K. Hussam, Mohammad G. Rasul, Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury, Md Islam Jahirul, Roksana Yasmin, Peter Brooks, Nahina Islam and Alia H. Marafie

International Journal of Energy Research, Vol.2025, pp.1-20

2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6049005

Files and links (1)

pdf

International Journal of Energy Research - 2025 - Nabi - Novel Biofuels Derivation and Characterisation From Macadamia2.45 MBDownload View

Published VersionCC BY V4.0, Open Access

Abstract

fuel properties

internal combustion engines

pyrolysis process

waste biomass

waste-derived oils

Price hikes, stringent emission regulations and the global demand for sustainable energy use have forced fuel researchers and vehicle manufacturers to explore sustainable fuels for internal combustion engines. In recent years, the exploration of waste-to-energy (WtE) derivations has attracted increasing interest. This study explored the derivation of pyrolysis oil from three waste biomasses: waste macadamia nutshell (WMN; macadamia integrifolia), waste tree mulch (WTM) and waste marine biomass (WMB; Undaria pinnatifida). The waste biomass-derived pyrolysis oils were characterised by key fuel properties with a target to recommend them for use as fuels in internal combustion engines. Simultaneous and detailed characterisation of three unique biomass-derived oils has not been widely examined and reported earlier in the literature. All tested properties of the three waste biomass-derived oils were compared with those of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), European (EN), Australian diesel and EN biodiesel standards. The properties of the three oils were aligned with diesel and biodiesel fuel standards. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data indicate that all three pyrolysis oils contain aliphatic (alkanes and alkenes) and aromatic (mono-, di- and polyaromatic) compounds. Among the three biomasses, a maximum of 53% bio-oil was produced with WTM, followed by 52% with MNS and 44% with WMB. The cetane index, density, viscosity and boiling range of the three pyrolysis oils were comparable to those of traditional diesel fuel and EN biodiesel standards. It is interesting to note that the bio-oil from WTM showed the highest cetane index of 55 among all the tested fuels and biodiesel and diesel standards. However, the other properties, including sulphur, carbon and ash content, indicate that the oils need upgradation before they can be used as a replacement for diesel fuel in internal combustion engines.

Details

Title: Novel Biofuels Derivation and Characterisation From Macadamia Integrifolia, Undaria Pinnatifida and Tree Mulch via Advanced Pyrolysis
Authors: Md Nurun Nabi - Central Queensland University
Wisam K. Hussam - Australian University (Kuwait)
Mohammad G. Rasul - Central Queensland University
Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury - Central Queensland University
Md Islam Jahirul - Central Queensland University
Roksana Yasmin - Federation University
Peter Brooks - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Nahina Islam (Corresponding Author) - Central Queensland University
Alia H. Marafie - Kuwait University
Publication details: International Journal of Energy Research, Vol.2025, pp.1-20
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Date published: 2025
DOI: 10.1155/er/6049005
ISSN: 1099-114X; 0363-907X
Copyright note: Copyright © 2025 Md Nurun Nabi et al. International Journal of Energy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Data Availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Grant note: This research was funded in part by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) under project code CN22-15SE-1612 and Central Queensland University, Australia (Grant RSH/6296).
Organisation Unit: School of Science, Technology and Engineering; Centre for Bioinnovation
Language: English
Record Identifier: 991136805602621
Output Type: Journal article

Metrics

17 File views/ downloads

4 Record Views

InCites Highlights

These are selected metrics from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool, related to this output

Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This output has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

Source: InCites