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Multitarget nociceptor sensitization by a promiscuous peptide from the venom of the King Baboon spider
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Multitarget nociceptor sensitization by a promiscuous peptide from the venom of the King Baboon spider

Rocio K Finol-Urdaneta, Rebekah Ziegman, Zoltan Dekan, Jeffrey R McArthur, Stewart Heitmann, Karen Luna-Ramirez, Han-Shen Tae, Alexander Mueller, Hana Starobova, Yanni K-Y Chin, …
National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings, Vol.119(5), pp.1-12
2022
PMCID: PMC8812547
PMID: 35074873
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Multitarget nociceptor sensitization by a promiscuous peptide from the venom of the King Baboon spider2.28 MBDownloadView
Published Version Open Access CC BY-NC-ND V4.0
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https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110932119View
Published Version

Abstract

Pain NaV1.8 KV2.1 hyperexcitability target promiscuity
The King Baboon spider, Pelinobius muticus, is a burrowing African tarantula. Its impressive size and appealing coloration are tempered by reports describing severe localized pain, swelling, itchiness, and muscle cramping after accidental envenomation. Hyperalgesia is the most prominent symptom after bites from P. muticus, but the molecular basis by which the venom induces pain is unknown. Proteotranscriptomic analysis of P. muticus venom uncovered a cysteine-rich peptide, δ/κ-theraphotoxin-Pm1a (δ/κ-TRTX-Pm1a), that elicited nocifensive behavior when injected into mice. In small dorsal root ganglion neurons, synthetic δ/κ-TRTX-Pm1a (sPm1a) induced hyperexcitability by enhancing tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium currents, impairing repolarization and lowering the threshold of action potential firing, consistent with the severe pain associated with envenomation. The molecular mechanism of nociceptor sensitization by sPm1a involves multimodal actions over several ion channel targets, including NaV1.8, KV2.1, and tetrodotoxin-sensitive NaV channels. The promiscuous targeting of peptides like δ/κ-TRTX-Pm1a may be an evolutionary adaptation in pain-inducing defensive venoms.

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