Journal article
Molecular Effects of Parkia speciosa Hassk. Empty Pod Extract in Colon Cancer: A Transcriptomic and Proteomic Perspective
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol.27(12), pp.1-19
2026
PMID: 42353321
Abstract
This study elucidates the multi-targeted antineoplastic mechanisms of Parkia speciosa empty pod extract (PSET) against HCT-116 and HT-29 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Phytochemical profiling indicates that PSET is rich in bioactive metabolites, notably quercetin, rutin, and pyrogallol, which orchestrate its profound ability to inhibit tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. Transcriptomic data revealed that PSET profoundly suppresses the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis while simultaneously activating p53-mediated cell cycle arrest. Complementary proteomic profiling uncovered critical metabolic vulnerabilities, demonstrating that PSET abrogates the Warburg effect by disrupting key glycolytic enzymes (e.g., ENO1, GAPDH, LDHA), thereby inducing metabolic starvation. Furthermore, the extract precipitated a catastrophic collapse of the cytoskeletal architecture and downregulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, effectively paralyzing the cells’ metastatic machinery. The integrated transcriptomic and proteomic signatures also highlighted an irrecoverable state of cellular stress, characterized by an overwhelming unfolded protein response and dysregulated RNA splicing, ultimately driving the cells toward apoptosis. In conclusion, this integrated omics approach provides robust molecular validation that PSET systemically dismantles colorectal cancer survival networks, highlighting its strong potential as a natural, multi-targeted therapeutic agent.
Details
- Title
- Molecular Effects of Parkia speciosa Hassk. Empty Pod Extract in Colon Cancer: A Transcriptomic and Proteomic Perspective
- Authors
- Athit Chaiwichien - Burapha UniversitySupawadee Osotprasit - Burapha UniversityTepparit Samrit - Burapha UniversityStuart J. Smith - University of the Sunshine CoastSaowaros Suwansa-Ard - University of the Sunshine CoastScott F. Cummins - University of the Sunshine CoastPornanan Kueakhai - Burapha UniversityNarin Changklungmoa (Corresponding Author) - Burapha University
- Publication details
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol.27(12), pp.1-19
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Date published
- 2026
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijms27125606
- ISSN
- 1422-0067
- PMID
- 42353321
- Copyright note
- © 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
- Data Availability
- The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are publicly available. The raw data from whole transcriptome sequencing are deposited under the BioProject accession number PRJNA1451310 in both the NCBI BioProject and SRA databases, accessible at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA1451310 (accessed on 9 April 2026). Raw data from peptide mass spectrometry are accessible under the accession number PXD078012 at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/projects/PXD078012 in the PRIDE database (accessed on 5 May 2026).
- Grant note
- This research was funded by the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University.
- Organisation Unit
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering; Centre for Bioinnovation
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 991242396802621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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