Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae

Yalun Dong; Martina Jelocnik; Amber Gillett; Ludovica Valenza; Gabriel Conroy; Dominique Potvin; Renfu Shao

doi:10.3390/ani13122046

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Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae

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Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae

Yalun Dong, Martina Jelocnik, Amber Gillett, Ludovica Valenza, Gabriel Conroy, Dominique Potvin and Renfu Shao

Animals, Vol.13(12), pp.1-16

2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13122046

PMCID: PMC10295106

PMID: 37370555

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Abstract

mitochondrial genome fragmentation

Menoponidae

Laemobothriidae

phylogeny

Simple Summary: To understand mitochondrial genome fragmentation in bird lice, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of 17 species of bird lice in the families Menoponidae and Laemoboth-riidae. Of the 17 species, four species of Menoponidae have fragmented mitochondrial genomes, whereas the other 13 species of both Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae retain the typical single-chromosome mitochondrial genomes. Our phylogenetic analyses showed that mitochondrial genome fragmentation occurred multiple times independently in these two families. We also found derived mitochondrial minichromosomal characters shared between bird lice in the same genus and among different genera. We conclude that while mitochondrial genome fragmentation as a general feature does not unite all the parasitic lice that have this feature, each independent mitochondrial genome fragmentation event may produce shared derived mitochondrial minichromosomal characters that can be useful for resolving the phylogeny of parasitic lice at different taxonomic levels. Abstract: Mitochondrial (mt) genome fragmentation has been discovered in all five parvorders of parasitic lice (Phthiraptera). To explore whether minichromosomal characters derived from mt genome fragmentation are informative for phylogenetic studies, we sequenced the mt genomes of 17 species of bird lice in Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae (Amblycera). Four species of Menoponidae (Actornithophilus sp. 1 ex [pied oystercatcher], Act. sp. 2 ex [masked lapwing], Austromenopon sp. 2 ex [sooty tern and crested tern], Myr. sp. 1 ex [satin bowerbird]) have fragmented mt genomes, whereas the other 13 species retain the single-chromosome mt genomes. The two Actornithophilus species have five and six mt minichromosomes, respectively. Aus. sp. 2 ex [sooty tern and crested tern] has two mt minichromosomes, in contrast to Aus. sp. 1 ex [sooty shearwater], which has a single mt chromosome. Myr. sp. 1 ex [satin bowerbird] has four mt minichromosomes. When mapped on the phylogeny of Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae, it is evident that mt genome fragmentation has occurred multiple times independently among Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae species. We found derived mt minichromosomal characters shared between Myrsidea species, between Actornithophilus species, and between and among different ischnoceran genera, respectively. We conclude that while mt genome fragmentation as a general feature does not unite all the parasitic lice that have this feature, each independent mt genome fragmentation event does produce minichromosomal characters that can be informative for phylogenetic studies of parasitic lice at different taxonomic levels.

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Title: Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae
Authors: Yalun Dong (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Centre for Bioinnovation
Martina Jelocnik (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Centre for Bioinnovation
Amber Gillett (Author) - Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital (Australia)
Ludovica Valenza (Author) - Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital (Australia)
Gabriel Conroy (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Centre for Bioinnovation
Dominique Potvin (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and Engineering
Renfu Shao (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Centre for Bioinnovation
Publication details: Animals, Vol.13(12), pp.1-16
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2023
DOI: 10.3390/ani13122046
ISSN: 2076-2615
PMID: 37370555; PMC10295106
Copyright note: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Grant note: This study was partially funded by the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS, RF217-51), and partially by an ECR and MCR grant from the Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast.
Organisation Unit: GeneCology Research Centre - Legacy; School of Science, Technology and Engineering; Centre for Bioinnovation
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99736098602621
Output Type: Journal article

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