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Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Elements Small DNA Transposons That Have Contributed to Plant MICRORNA Gene Evolution2.73 MB
Published VersionCC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Elements: Small DNA Transposons That Have Contributed to Plant MICRORNA Gene Evolution
Plants, Vol.12(5), pp.1-30
2023
PMID: 36903960
Abstract
Angiosperms form the largest phylum within the Plantae kingdom and show remarkable genetic variation due to the considerable difference in the nuclear genome size of each species. Transposable elements (TEs), mobile DNA sequences that can amplify and change their chromosome position, account for much of the difference in nuclear genome size between individual angiosperm species. Considering the dramatic consequences of TE movement, including the complete loss of gene function, it is unsurprising that the angiosperms have developed elegant molecular strategies to control TE amplification and movement. Specifically, the RNA directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, directed by the repeat associated small interfering RNA (rasiRNA) class of small regulatory RNA, forms the primary line of defense to control TE activity in the angiosperms. However, the miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) species of TE has at times avoided the repressive effects imposed by the rasiRNA directed RdDM pathway. MITE proliferation in angiosperm nuclear genomes is due to their preference to transpose within gene rich regions, a pattern of transposition that has enabled MITEs to gain further transcriptional activity. The sequence based properties of a MITE results in the synthesis of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA), which, after transcription, folds to form a structure that closely resembles those of the precursor transcripts of the microRNA (miRNA) class of small regulatory RNA. This shared folding structure results in a MITE derived miRNA being processed from the MITE transcribed ncRNA, and post maturation, the MITE derived miRNA can be used by the core protein machinery of the miRNA pathway to regulate the expression of protein coding genes that harbor homologous MITE insertions. Here, we outline the considerable contribution that the MITE species of TE have made to expanding the miRNA repertoire of the angiosperms.
Details
- Title
- Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Elements: Small DNA Transposons That Have Contributed to Plant MICRORNA Gene Evolution
- Authors
- Joseph L. L. Pegler (Corresponding Author) - University of Newcastle AustraliaJackson M. J. Oultram (Author) - University of Newcastle AustraliaChristopher W. G. Mann (Author) - The University of QueenslandBernard J. J. Carroll (Author) - The University of QueenslandChristopher P. L. Grof (Author) - University of Newcastle AustraliaAndrew L. L. Eamens (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health - Biomedicine
- Publication details
- Plants, Vol.12(5), pp.1-30
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Date published
- 2023
- DOI
- 10.3390/plants12051101
- ISSN
- 2223-7747
- PMID
- 36903960
- Copyright note
- © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
- Organisation Unit
- School of Health - Biomedicine; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99713297302621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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