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Published VersionCC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
Micro-vibration assisted dual-layer spiral microneedles to rapidly extract dermal interstitial fluid for minimally invasive detection of glucose
Microsystems & Nanoengineering, Vol.11(1), pp.3-18
2025
PMID: 39774609
Abstract
Various hydrogels have been explored to create minimally invasive microneedles (MNs) to extract interstitial fluid (ISF). However, current methods are time-consuming and typically require 10-15 min to extract 3-5 mg of ISF. This study introduces two spiral-shaped swellable MN arrays: one made of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the other incorporating a combination of PVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and hyaluronic acid (HA) for fast ISF extraction. These MN arrays demonstrated a rapid swelling ratio of 560 +/- 79.6% and 370 +/- 34.1% in artificial ISF within 10 min, respectively. Additionally, this study proposes a novel method that combines MNs with a custom-designed Arduino-based applicator vibrating at frequency ranges (50-100 Hz) to improve skin penetration efficiency, thereby enhancing the uptake of ISF in ex vivo. This dynamic combination enables GelMA/PVA MNs to rapidly uptake 6.41 +/- 1.01 mg of ISF in just 5 min, while PVA/PVP/HA MNs extract 5.38 +/- 0.77 mg of ISF within the same timeframe. To validate the capability of the MNs to recover glucose as the target biomarker, a mild heating procedure is used, followed by determining glucose concentration using a d-glucose content assay kit. The efficient extraction of ISF and glucose detection capabilities of the spiral MNs suggest their potential for rapid and minimally invasive biomarker sensing.
Details
- Title
- Micro-vibration assisted dual-layer spiral microneedles to rapidly extract dermal interstitial fluid for minimally invasive detection of glucose
- Authors
- Khaled Mohammed Saifullah - University of Southern QueenslandAsim Mushtaq - University of Southern QueenslandPouria Azarikhah - University of Southern QueenslandPhilip D. Prewett - University of BirminghamGraham J. Davies - University of BirminghamZahra Faraji Rad (Corresponding Author) - University of Southern Queensland
- Publication details
- Microsystems & Nanoengineering, Vol.11(1), pp.3-18
- Publisher
- Nature Publishing Group
- Date published
- 2025
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41378-024-00850-x
- ISSN
- 2055-7434
- PMID
- 39774609
- Copyright note
- © The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
- Organisation Unit
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 991140405802621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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