Journal article
Looking beyond the mammogram to assess mammographic density: A narrative review
Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging, Vol.7(1-2), pp.63-80
2018
Abstract
MD – the white areas on a mammogram (also known as breast density), has long been recognised as an indicator of breast cancer (BC) risk and mammographic masking. Recent legislation in 32 American states has mandated the inclusion of mammography density information in reports for women in the higher two MD quartiles, and it is a growing consideration worldwide. While the mammogram is currently the only means of estimating MD, it suffers from a number of limitations. These are related to the accumulation of low dose ionising radiation used in mammography that limits its repeated use, particularly in young women, women with previous radiation exposure, those having undergone prior surgery, or those with radio-sensitising gene mutations. This review compares and contrasts the variety of emerging technologies that can provide a quantitative and true volumetric analysis of breast density, without the use of ionising radiation. H.J. Hugo et al. / Looking beyond the mammogram to assess mammographic density: A narrative review BPE Background parenchymal enhancement DBCT Dedicated Breast Computed Tomography DBT Digital breast tomosynthesis DCE Dynamic-Contrast Enhanced DXA Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ECM Extracellular matrix FC Fuzzy clustering FGT Fibroglandular tissue HRT Hormone replacement therapy MD Mammographic Density MRE MRI-based elastography MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging NAC Neoadjuvant chemotherapy NIR Near infrared OPERA Odds PER Adjusted standard deviation PMD Percent mammographic density ULR Univariate linear regression US Ultrasound VGF Volumetric Glandular Fraction WHO World Health Organisation Highlights • Mammographic Density (MD), also known as breast density, is a significant breast cancer risk factor when adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI) • MD reduces the sensitivity of mammography to detect cancer due to masking • MD is ∼60% genomically encoded, and closely linked to oestrogen exposure • Low ionising and non-radiation alternatives vary in their ability to measure MD • % Fibroglandular tissue (FGT) determined by non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) associates with MD
Details
- Title
- Looking beyond the mammogram to assess mammographic density: A narrative review
- Authors
- Honor J Hugo (Author) - Queensland University of TechnologyMonique C Tourell (Author) - Queensland University of TechnologyPatricia M O’Gorman (Author) - Queensland University of TechnologyAmy E Paige (Author) - Queensland University of TechnologyR. Mark Wellard (Author) - Queensland University of TechnologyThomas Lloyd (Author) - Princess Alexandra HospitalKonstantin I Momot (Author) - Queensland University of TechnologyErik W Thompson (Author) - Queensland University of Technology
- Publication details
- Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging, Vol.7(1-2), pp.63-80
- Publisher
- IOS Press
- DOI
- 10.3233/BSI-180176
- ISSN
- 2212-8808
- Organisation Unit
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy; School of Health and Sport Sciences - Legacy; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99518706902621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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