Leptospirosis in American Samoa 2010: Epidemiology, Environmental Drivers, and the Management of Emergence

C L Lau; A J Dobson; Lee D Smythe; E J Fearnley; C Skelly; A C A Clements; Scott B Craig; S D Fuimaono; P Weinstein

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0398

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Leptospirosis in American Samoa 2010: Epidemiology, Environmental Drivers, and the Management of Emergence

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Leptospirosis in American Samoa 2010: Epidemiology, Environmental Drivers, and the Management of Emergence

C L Lau, A J Dobson, Lee D Smythe, E J Fearnley, C Skelly, A C A Clements, Scott B Craig, S D Fuimaono and P Weinstein

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol.86(2), pp.309-319

2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0398

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Abstract

Medical and Health Sciences

Leptospirosis

American Samoa

Leptospirosis has recently been reported as an emerging disease worldwide, and a seroprevalence study was undertaken in American Samoa to better understand the drivers of transmission. Antibodies indicative of previous exposure to leptospirosis were found in 15.5% of 807 participants, predominantly against three serovars that were not previously known to occur in American Samoa. Questionnaires and geographic information systems data were used to assess behavioral factors and environmental determinants of disease transmission, and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with infection. Many statistically significant factors were consistent with previous studies, but we also showed a significant association with living at lower altitudes (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–2.28), and having higher numbers of piggeries around the home (OR ¼ 2.63, 95% CI: 1.52–4.40). Our findings support a multifaceted approach to combating the emergence of leptospirosis, including modification of individual behavior, but importantly also managing the evolving environmental drivers of risk.

Details

Title: Leptospirosis in American Samoa 2010: Epidemiology, Environmental Drivers, and the Management of Emergence
Authors: C L Lau (Author) - University of Queensland
A J Dobson (Author)
Lee D Smythe (Author)
E J Fearnley (Author)
C Skelly (Author)
A C A Clements (Author)
Scott B Craig (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering
S D Fuimaono (Author)
P Weinstein (Author)
Publication details: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol.86(2), pp.309-319
Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Date published: 2012
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0398
ISSN: 0002-9637
Organisation Unit: School of Science and Engineering - Legacy; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99450003602621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine

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