Journal article
Landscape transformation alters functional diversity in coastal seascapes
Ecography, Vol.42(1), pp.138-148
2020
Abstract
The ecological impacts of landscape modification and urbanisation have transformed the composition of plant and animal assemblages, and altered the condition of ecosystems globally. Landscape transformation influences the spatial distribution of species and ecological functions by selecting for generalist species with wide ecological niches, which can adapt to opportunities in highly-modified environments. These effects of landscape modification can shape functional diversity on land, but it is not clear whether they have similar functional consequences in the sea. We used estuaries as a model system to test how landscape transformation alters functional diversity in coastal seascapes, and measured how variation in level of urbanisation, catchment modification and habitat loss influenced fish diversity across thirty-nine estuaries in eastern Australia. Fish were surveyed with baited remote underwater video stations and functional diversity was indexed with three metrics that describe variation in the functional traits and niche space of assemblages. The extent of landscape transformation in the catchment of each estuary was associated with variation in the functional diversity of estuarine fish assemblages. These effects were, however, not what we expected as functional diversity was highest in modified estuaries that supported a large area of both urban and grazing land in their catchments, were bordered by a small area of natural terrestrial vegetation and that contained a moderate area of mangroves. Zoobenthivores and omnivores dominated assemblages in highly-modified estuaries, and piscivorous fishes were common in natural waterways. Our results demonstrate, that the modification and urbanisation of ecosystems on land can alter functional diversity in the sea. Intense landscape transformation appears to select for abundant generalists with wide trophic niches, and against species with specialised diets, and we suggest that these changes might have fundamental consequences for ecosystem functioning in estuaries, and other highly modified seascapes.
Details
- Title
- Landscape transformation alters functional diversity in coastal seascapes
- Authors
- Christopher J Henderson (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastBen Gilby (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastThomas Schlacher (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastRod M Connolly (Author) - Griffith UniversityMarcus Sheaves (Author) - James Cook UniversityPaul S Maxwell (Author) - Healthy Land and WaterNicole Flint (Author) - Central Queensland UniversityHayden P Borland (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastTyson S H Martin (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastBob Gorissen (Author) - University of the Sunshine CoastAndrew D Olds (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast
- Publication details
- Ecography, Vol.42(1), pp.138-148
- Publisher
- Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.
- Date published
- 2020
- DOI
- 10.1111/ecog.04504
- ISSN
- 0906-7590
- Copyright note
- Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Ecography published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- Organisation Unit
- School of Science and Engineering - Legacy; Academic Support Unit; Technical and Work Integrated Learning (WIL) Operations - Legacy; School of Science, Technology and Engineering
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99451400402621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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