Kinetics of colloid formation during the preparation of sol-gel zirconia - Code: C4

John R Bartlett; J L Woolfrey; M J Percy; L Spiccia; B O West

doi:10.1007/BF00486244

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Kinetics of colloid formation during the preparation of sol-gel zirconia - Code: C4

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Kinetics of colloid formation during the preparation of sol-gel zirconia - Code: C4

John R Bartlett, J L Woolfrey, M J Percy, L Spiccia and B O West

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, Vol.2(1-3), pp.215-220

1994

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00486244

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Abstract

Materials Engineering

zirconia

hydrolysis kinetics

precursor chemistry

zirconium alkoxides

The formation of zirconia colloids by hydrolysing zirconium n-propoxide in n-propanol has been investigated by simultaneous, multi-angle static and dynamic light scattering, and vibrational spectroscopy, as a function of reactant concentration, water-to-alkoxide mole ratio and temperature. The overall hydrolysis/condensation reaction followed pseudo 2nd-order kinetics at 303 K, with an induction period of <1 to 24 hours. The induction period could be substantially reduced by increasing the temperature to 348 K. For hydrolysis with 3.6 moles of water per mole of alkoxide, the apparent activation energy was 24 kJ mol-1. Such a low activation energy implies that hydrolysis occurs readily over the temperature range investigated (303-348 K). During the induction period, processing with stoichiometric, or excess, water produced "oxy-hydroxides", while "hydrated oxides" formed under water-deficient conditions. The hydrolysis reactions yielded zirconia colloids with equivalent spherical, z-averaged diameters of <200 nm. The colloids exhibited fractal dimensions of 3.0, with a low size-polydispersity, inferring the formation of dense, monodispersed spherical particles. SEM observations confirmed these results.

Details

Title: Kinetics of colloid formation during the preparation of sol-gel zirconia - Code: C4
Authors: John R Bartlett (Author) - Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Materials Division
J L Woolfrey (Author) - Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Materials Division
M J Percy (Author) - Monash University
L Spiccia (Author) - Monash University
B O West (Author) - Monash University
Publication details: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, Vol.2(1-3), pp.215-220
Publisher: Springer New York LLC
Date published: 1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00486244
ISSN: 0928-0707
Organisation Unit: School of Science and Engineering - Legacy; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99448991302621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Materials Science, Ceramics