Journal article
Invisible? Assessing the Fate of Sunscreen-Derived Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Swimming Pool Water Using Single Particle and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
ACS - ES & T Water, Vol.3(4), pp.1192-1200
2023
Abstract
Using nano TiO2 as a UV filter in sunscreens eventually leads to its release into the environment. Yet, understanding the behavior and fate of nano TiO2, even in closed environments such as swimming pools, remains challenging due to the complex dynamics of environmental and nano TiO2 interactions. This study characterizes (1) the behavior of nano TiO2 in swimming pool water using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and (2) the efficacy of a commonly used cartridge pool filter in removing nano TiO2 by acid based digestion and quantification, as well as its accumulation on the filter using laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS). The findings show that adding 40 g of sunscreen to the pool water significantly increases mass and particle number concentrations from about 300 ng TiO2/L and 5.8 × 104 particles/mL to 8605 ng TiO2/L and 2.0 × 106 particles/mL, respectively. However, almost 90% of the added nano TiO2 was removed after 3 days of typical filtration cycles, and the average TiO2 particle size shifted from 92 nm after loading the pool with sunscreen to a size below 64 nm. Analysis of filter material confirmed the removal of Ti containing particles by the filter, and (LA-ICP-MS) imaging revealed Ti accumulation close to the cartridge filter core, gradually spreading across the rest of the filter area.
Details
- Title
- Invisible? Assessing the Fate of Sunscreen-Derived Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Swimming Pool Water Using Single Particle and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
- Authors
- Simone Heilgeist (Corresponding Author) - Griffith UniversityRyo Sekine (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Science, Technology and EngineeringDavid Clases (Author) - University of GrazOz Sahin (Author) - Griffith UniversityRodney A Stewart (Author) - Griffith University
- Publication details
- ACS - ES & T Water, Vol.3(4), pp.1192-1200
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society
- DOI
- 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00656
- ISSN
- 2690-0637
- Copyright note
- This material is excerpted from a work that was published in ACS - ES & T Water, copyright © 2023, American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.2c00656.
- Organisation Unit
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99717698602621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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