Investigation of Best Practices for Venom Toxin Purification in Jellyfish towards Functional Characterisation

Blake Lausen; Anahita Ahang; Scott Cummins; Tianfang Wang

doi:10.3390/toxins15030170

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Investigation of Best Practices for Venom Toxin Purification in Jellyfish towards Functional Characterisation

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Investigation of Best Practices for Venom Toxin Purification in Jellyfish towards Functional Characterisation

Blake Lausen, Anahita Ahang, Scott Cummins and Tianfang Wang

Toxins, Vol.15(3), pp.1-27

2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030170

PMCID: PMC10059823

PMID: 36977061

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Abstract

venom

medusozoa

jellyfish

toxins

purification

extraction

bioassay

biodiscovery

The relative lack of marine venom pharmaceuticals can be anecdotally attributed to difficulties in working with venomous marine animals, including how to maintain venom bioactivity during extraction and purification. The primary aim of this systematic literature review was to examine the key factors for consideration when extracting and purifying jellyfish venom toxins to maximise their effectiveness in bioassays towards the characterisation of a single toxin.An up to date database of 119 peer reviewed research articles was established for all purified and semi purified venoms across all jellyfish, including their level of purification, LD50, and the types of experimental toxicity bioassay used (e.g., whole animal and cell lines). We report that, of the toxins successfully purified across all jellyfish, the class Cubozoa (i.e., Chironex fleckeri and Carybdea rastoni) was most highly represented, followed by Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa. We outline the best practices for maintaining jellyfish venom bioactivity, including strict thermal management, using the “autolysis” extraction method and two-step liquid chromatography purification involving size exclusion chromatography. To date, the box jellyfish C. fleckeri has been the most effective jellyfish venom model with the most referenced extraction methods and the most isolated toxins, including CfTXA/B. In summary, this review can be used as a resource for the efficient extraction, purification, and identification of jellyfish venom toxins.

Details

Title: Investigation of Best Practices for Venom Toxin Purification in Jellyfish towards Functional Characterisation
Authors: Blake Lausen (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health - Biomedicine
Anahita Ahang (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Centre for Bioinnovation
Scott Cummins (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Centre for Bioinnovation
Tianfang Wang (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Centre for Bioinnovation
Publication details: Toxins, Vol.15(3), pp.1-27
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2023
DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030170
ISSN: 2072-6651
PMID: 36977061; PMC10059823
Copyright note: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
Grants: System-level characterisation of the siphonophore, Indo-Pacific man o' war, DP220103933, Australian Research Council (Australia, Canberra) - ARC
Organisation Unit: School of Health - Biomedicine; School of Science, Technology and Engineering; Centre for Bioinnovation
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99714998602621
Output Type: Journal article

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Web Of Science research areas: Food Science & Technology; Toxicology