Insights from entire mitochondrial genome sequences into the phylogeny of ticks of the genera Haemaphysalis and Archaeocroton with the elevation of the subgenus Alloceraea Schulze, 1919 back to the status of a genus

Samuel Kelava; Dmitry A Apanaskevich; Renfu Shao; Alexander W Gofton; Ben J Mans; Ernest Jun Ming Teo; Gerrut Norval; Dayana Barker; Ryo Nakao; Stephen C Barker

doi:10.1111/mve.12708

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Insights from entire mitochondrial genome sequences into the phylogeny of ticks of the genera Haemaphysalis and Archaeocroton with the elevation of the subgenus Alloceraea Schulze, 1919 back to the status of a genus

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Insights from entire mitochondrial genome sequences into the phylogeny of ticks of the genera Haemaphysalis and Archaeocroton with the elevation of the subgenus Alloceraea Schulze, 1919 back to the status of a genus

Samuel Kelava, Dmitry A Apanaskevich, Renfu Shao, Alexander W Gofton, Ben J Mans, Ernest Jun Ming Teo, Gerrut Norval, Dayana Barker, Ryo Nakao and Stephen C Barker

Medical & Veterinary Entomology, Vol.38(2), pp.189-204

2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12708

PMID: 38469668

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Abstract

Acari

Alloceraea

Haemaphysalis

Ixodida

Ixodidae

We used entire mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences (14.5–15 kbp) to resolve the phylogeny of the four main lineages of the Haematobothrion ticks: Alloceraea, Archaeocroton, Bothriocroton and Haemaphysalis. In our phylogenetic trees, Alloceraea was the sister to Archaeocroton sphenodonti, a tick of an archetypal reptile, the tuatara, from New Zealand, to the exclusion of the rest of the species of Haemaphysalis. The mt genomes of all four of the Alloceraea species that have been sequenced so far had a substantial insert, 132–312 bp, between the tRNA-Glu (E) gene and the nad1 gene in their mt genomes. This insert was not found in any of the other eight subgenera of Haemaphysalis. The mt genomes of 13 species of Haemaphysalis from NCBI GenBank were added to the most recent data set on Haemaphysalis and its close relatives to help resolve the phylogeny of Haemaphysalis, including five new subgenera of Haemaphysalis not previously considered by other authors: Allophysalis (structurally primitive), Aboimisalis (structurally primitive), Herpetobia (structurally intermediate), Ornithophysalis (structurally advanced) and Segalia (structurally advanced). We elevated Alloceraea Schulze, 1919 to the status of genus because Alloceraea Schulze, 1919 is phylogenetically distinct from the other subgenera of Haemaphysalis. Moreover, we propose that the subgenus Allophysalis is the sister to the rest of the Haemaphysalis (14 subgenera) and that the ‘structurally primitive’ subgenera Hoogstraal and Kim comprise early diverging lineages. Our matrices of the pairwise genetic difference (percent) of mt genomes and partial 16S rRNA sequences indicated that the mt genome sequence of Al. kitaokai (gb# OM368280) may not be Al. kitaokai Hoogstraal, 1969 but rather another species of Alloceraea. In a similar way, the mt genome sequence of H. (Herpetobia) nepalensis Hoogstraal, 1962 (gb# NC_064124) was only 2% genetically different to that of H. (Allophysalis) tibetensis Hoogstraal, 1965 (gb# OM368293): this indicates to us that they are the same species. Alloceraea cretacea may be better placed in a genus other than Alloceraea Schulze, 1919. Reptiles may have been the host to the most recent common ancestor of Archaeocroton and Alloceraea.

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Title: Insights from entire mitochondrial genome sequences into the phylogeny of ticks of the genera Haemaphysalis and Archaeocroton with the elevation of the subgenus Alloceraea Schulze, 1919 back to the status of a genus
Authors: Samuel Kelava (Author) - The University of Queensland
Dmitry A Apanaskevich (Author) - Georgia Southern University
Renfu Shao (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Centre for Bioinnovation
Alexander W Gofton (Author) - CSIRO Health and Biosecurity
Ben J Mans (Author) - Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute
Ernest Jun Ming Teo (Author) - The University of Queensland
Gerrut Norval (Author) - Flinders University
Dayana Barker (Author) - The University of Queensland
Ryo Nakao (Author) - Hokkaido University
Stephen C Barker (Corresponding Author) - The University of Queensland
Publication details: Medical & Veterinary Entomology, Vol.38(2), pp.189-204
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Date published: 2024
DOI: 10.1111/mve.12708
ISSN: 1365-2915
PMID: 38469668
Copyright note: © 2024 The Authors. Medical and Veterinary Entomology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Entomological Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Data Availability: All new mt genome and 18S rRNA sequences were submitted to NCBI Genbank. Accession numbers: [mt genome → OR350528, OR350529, OR350533. 18S → PP038147, PP038148].
Organisation Unit: School of Science, Technology and Engineering; Centre for Bioinnovation
Language: English
Record Identifier: 991006996802621
Output Type: Journal article

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