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Influence of cuff-occlusion duration on contrast-enhanced ultrasound assessments of calf muscle microvascular blood flow responsiveness in older adults
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Influence of cuff-occlusion duration on contrast-enhanced ultrasound assessments of calf muscle microvascular blood flow responsiveness in older adults

Grace Young, Digby Krastins, David Chang, Jeng Lam, Jing Quah, Tony Stanton, Fraser Russell, Kim Greaves, Yuri Kriel and Christopher Askew
Experimental Physiology, Vol.105(12), pp.2238-2245
2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1113/EP089065
PMID: 33017064
url
https://doi.org/10.1113/EP089065View
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Abstract

capillary blood flow gastrocnemius near-infrared spectroscopy reactive hyperaemia reliability vascular reactivity
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is increasingly used in assessments of skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow responsiveness. In response to limb cuff‐occlusion, some studies have reported significant impairments in CEUS measurements of microvascular blood flow in older adults with cardiovascular or metabolic disease, whereas others have failed to detect significant between‐group differences, which has brought the reliability of the technique into question. In the absence of a standardized CEUS protocol, there is variance in the duration of cuff‐occlusion used, which is likely to influence post‐occlusion measurements of muscle microvascular blood flow. We aimed to determine the effect of cuff‐occlusion duration by comparing the magnitude and reliability of CEUS measurements of calf muscle microvascular blood flow responsiveness in older adults (n = 15, 67 ± 11 years) following 1, 3 and 5 min occlusion periods. Microvascular blood flow (= microvascular volume × microvascular velocity) within the calf muscle was measured using real‐time destruction–replenishment CEUS. Measurements were made following thigh cuff‐occlusion (200 mmHg) periods of 1, 3 and 5 min in a random order. Microvascular blood flow was higher following 3 min (3.71 ± 1.46 aU s−1) and 5 min (3.47 ± 1.48 aU s−1) compared with 1 min (2.42 ± 1.27 aU s−1, P = 0.002), which corresponded with higher microvascular volumes after 3 and 5 min compared with 1 min. Reliability was good following 5 min (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.49) compared with poor following 1 min (ICC 0.34) and 3 min (ICC 0.35). This study demonstrates that the magnitude and reliability of calf muscle microvascular responsiveness is enhanced using a 5 min cuff‐occlusion protocol compared with 1 min in older adults.

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