Journal article
Increased transcription of Glutathione S-transferases in acaricide exposed scabies mites
Parasites & vectors, Vol.3, 43
2010
Abstract
Background: Recent evidence suggests that Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis mites collected from scabies endemic communities in northern Australia show increasing tolerance to 5% permethrin and oral ivermectin. Previous findings have implicated detoxification pathways in developing resistance to these acaricides. We investigated the contribution of Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes to permethrin and ivermectin tolerance in scabies mites using biochemical and molecular approaches. Results: Increased in vitro survival following permethrin exposure was observed in S. scabiei var. hominis compared to acaricide naïve mites (p < 0.0001). The addition of the GST inhibitor diethyl maleate restored in vitro permethrin susceptibility, confirming GST involvement in permethrin detoxification. Assay of GST enzymatic activity in mites demonstrated that S. scabiei var. hominis mites showed a two-fold increase in activity compared to naïve mites (p < 0.0001). Increased transcription of three different GST molecules was observed in permethrin resistant S. scabiei var. canis- mu 1 (p < 0.0001), delta 1 (p < 0.001), and delta 3 (p < 0.0001). mRNA levels of GST mu 1, delta 3 and P-glycoprotein also significantly increased in S. scabiei var. hominis mites collected from a recurrent crusted scabies patient over the course of ivermectin treatment. Conclusions: These findings provide further support for the hypothesis that increased drug metabolism and efflux mediate permethrin and ivermectin resistance in scabies mites and highlight the threat of emerging acaricide resistance to the treatment of scabies worldwide. This is one of the first attempts to define specific genes involved in GST mediated acaricide resistance at the transcriptional level, and the first application of such studies to S. scabiei, a historically challenging ectoparasite.
Details
- Title
- Increased transcription of Glutathione S-transferases in acaricide exposed scabies mites
- Authors
- Kate E Mounsey (Author) - University of QueenslandC J Pasay (Author) - University of QueenslandL Arlian (Author) - Wright State University, United StatesM S Morgan (Author) - Wright State University, United StatesD C Holt (Author) - Charles Darwin UniversityB J Currie (Author) - Charles Darwin UniversityShelley F Walton (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - Faculty of Science, Health and EducationJ S McCarthy (Author) - University of Queensland
- Publication details
- Parasites & vectors, Vol.3, 43
- Publisher
- BioMed Central Ltd.
- Date published
- 2010
- DOI
- 10.1186/1756-3305-3-43
- ISSN
- 1756-3305
- Copyright note
- Copyright © 2010 Mounsey et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This published version is reproduced here in accordance with this policy.
- Organisation Unit
- School of Health - Biomedicine; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Health and Sport Sciences - Legacy; School of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Legacy
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99449449502621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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