Journal article
Improving the microbiological quality of the Ruhr River near Essen: comparing costs and effects for the removal of Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci
Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, Vol.75(11), pp.2659-2668
2017
Abstract
After rain events in densely populated areas, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) can have severe health-related effects upon surface water quality, as well as discharges from diffuse overland pollution and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). All of these sources emit pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria into the surface water, which the EU Bathing Water Directive addresses by giving threshold values for the indicators Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci. This study presents a comparison between 21 scenarios of costs for processes that reduce the load of Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci into the Ruhr River during and shortly after rain events. The methods examined include UV irradiation for WWTPs, integrated sewer management and treatment of CSOs with vertical flow constructed wetlands or performic acid. For pollution by diffuse overland flow, we evaluated organizational measures. The treatment of only diffuse pollution shows merely a sligth effect on intestinal enterococci, but none on Escherichia coli and hence, was not considered further. Combining all three CSO reduction methods with the irradiation of WWTP effluent provides the best simulation results in terms of reducing both indicator bacteria.
Details
- Title
- Improving the microbiological quality of the Ruhr River near Essen: comparing costs and effects for the removal of Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci
- Authors
- Katharina Tondera (Author) - RWTH Aachen University, GermanyK Klaer (Author) - RWTH Aachen University, GermanyS Roder (Author) - RWTH Aachen University, GermanyI Brueckner (Author) - RWTH Aachen University, GermanyJ Pinnekamp (Author) - RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Publication details
- Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, Vol.75(11), pp.2659-2668
- Publisher
- IWA Publishing
- Date published
- 2017
- DOI
- 10.2166/wst.2017.141
- ISSN
- 0273-1223
- Organisation Unit
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99450566102621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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- Engineering, Environmental
- Environmental Sciences
- Water Resources
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Source: InCites