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Importance of Standardized DXA Protocol for Assessing Physique Changes in Athletes
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Importance of Standardized DXA Protocol for Assessing Physique Changes in Athletes

Alisa Nana, Gary J Slater, Will G Hopkins, Shona L Halson, David T Martin, Nicholas P West and Louise M Burke
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Vol.26(3), pp.259-267
2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0111
PMID: 24458265
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https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0111View
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Abstract

cold water immersion body composition cyclists reliability dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Purpose: The implications of undertaking DXA scans using best practice protocols (subjects fasted and rested) or a less precise but more practical protocol in assessing chronic changes in body composition following training and a specialized recovery technique were investigated. Methods: Twenty-one male cyclists completed an overload training program, in which they were randomized to four sessions per week of either cold water immersion therapy or control groups. Whole-body DXA scans were undertaken with Best Practice (BEST) or Random Activity (RANDOM) protocols at baseline, after 3 weeks of overload training and after a 2 week taper. Magnitudes of changes in total, lean and fat mass from baseline-overload, overload-taper and baseline-taper were assessed by standardization (∆mean/SD). Results: The standard deviations of change scores for total and fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST) from RANDOM scans (2-3%) were approximately double those observed in the BEST protocol (1-2%), owing to extra random errors associated with RANDOM scans at baseline. There was little difference in change scores for fat mass. The effect of cold water immersion therapy on baseline-taper changes in FFST was possibly harmful (-0.7%; 90% confidence limits ±1.2%) with BEST scans but unclear with RANDOM scans (0.9%; ±2.0%). Both protocols gave similar possibly harmful effects of cold water immersion therapy on changes in fat mass (6.9%; ±13.5% and 5.5%; ±14.3%, respectively). Conclusions: An interesting effect of cold water immersion therapy on training-induced changes in body composition might have been missed with a less precise scanning protocol. DXA scans should be undertaken with the Best Practice Protocol.

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