Implications of ghrelin and hexarelin in diabetes and diabetes-associated heart diseases

Rasha Mofeed Habeeb Mosa; Zhen Zhang; Renfu Shao; Chao Deng; Jiezhong Chen; Chen Chen

doi:10.1007/s12020-015-0531-z

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Implications of ghrelin and hexarelin in diabetes and diabetes-associated heart diseases

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Implications of ghrelin and hexarelin in diabetes and diabetes-associated heart diseases

Rasha Mofeed Habeeb Mosa, Zhen Zhang, Renfu Shao, Chao Deng, Jiezhong Chen and Chen Chen

Endocrine, Vol.49(2), pp.307-323

2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-015-0531-z

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Abstract

growth hormone secretagogues

beta cell apoptosis

PPAR-γ and diabetic cardiomyopathy

Ghrelin and its synthetic analog hexarelin are specific ligands of growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor. GHS have strong growth hormone-releasing effect and other neuroendocrine activities such as stimulatory effects on prolactin and adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion. Recently, several studies have reported other beneficial functions of GHS that are independent of GH. Ghrelin and hexarelin, for examples, have been shown to exert GH-independent cardiovascular activity. Hexarelin has been reported to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in macrophages and adipocytes. PPAR-γ is an important regulator of adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitization. Ghrelin also shows protective effects on beta cells against lipotoxicity through activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibition, and nuclear exclusion of forkhead box protein O1. Acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG) administration reduces glucose levels and increases insulin-producing beta cell number, and insulin secretion in pancreatectomized rats and in newborn rats treated with streptozotocin, suggesting a possible role of GHS in pancreatic regeneration. Therefore, the discovery of GHS has opened many new perspectives in endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular research areas, suggesting the possible therapeutic application in diabetes and diabetic complications especially diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here, we review the physiological roles of ghrelin and hexarelin in the protection and regeneration of beta cells and their roles in the regulation of insulin release, glucose, and fat metabolism and present their potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic-associated heart diseases

Details

Title: Implications of ghrelin and hexarelin in diabetes and diabetes-associated heart diseases
Authors: Rasha Mofeed Habeeb Mosa (Author) - University of Queensland
Zhen Zhang (Author) - University of Queensland
Renfu Shao (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast - Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering
Chao Deng (Author) - University of Wollongong
Jiezhong Chen (Author) - University of Wollongong
Chen Chen (Author) - University of Queensland
Publication details: Endocrine, Vol.49(2), pp.307-323
Publisher: Humana Press, Inc
Date published: 2015
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0531-z
ISSN: 1355-008X
Copyright note: Copyright © Humana Press, Inc 2015. The author's accepted version is reproduced here in accordance with the publisher's copyright policy. The final publication is available at www.springerlink.com
Organisation Unit: School of Science and Engineering - Legacy; University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; School of Science, Technology and Engineering; Centre for Bioinnovation
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99449468302621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Endocrinology & Metabolism

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