Journal article
Identification and characterisation of an ostreid herpesvirus-1 microvariant (OsHV-1 μ-var) in Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oysters) in Australia
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Vol.105(2), pp.109-126
2013
Abstract
Between November 2010 and January 2011, triploid Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oysters) cultivated in the Georges River, New South Wales, experienced >95% mortality. Mortalities also occurred in wild diploid C. gigas in the Georges River and shortly thereafter in the adjacent Parramatta River estuary upstream from Sydney Harbour. Neighbouring Saccostrea glomerata (Sydney rock oysters) did not experience mortalities in either estuary. Surviving oysters were collected to investigate the cause of mortalities. Histologically all oysters displayed significant pathology, and molecular testing revealed a high prevalence of ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1). Quantitative PCR indicated that many C. gigas were carrying a high viral load at the time of sampling, while the load in S. glomerata was significantly lower (p & 0.001). Subsequent in situ hybridisation experiments confirmed the presence of a herpesvirus in C. gigas but not S. glomerata tissues, suggesting that S. glomerata is not susceptible to infection with OsHV-1. Naïve sentinel triploid C. gigas placed in the Georges River estuary in January 2011 quickly became infected and experienced nearly 100% mortality within 2 wk of exposure, indicating the persistence of the virus in the environment. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences derived from the C2/C6 region of the virus revealed that the Australian strain of OsHV-1 belongs to the microvariant (μ- var) cluster, which has been associated with severe mortalities in C. gigas in other countries since 2008. Environmental data revealed that the Woolooware Bay outbreaks occurred during a time of considerable environmental disturbance, with increased water temperatures, heavy rainfall, a toxic phytoplankton bloom and the presence of a pathogenic Vibrio sp. all potentially contributing to oyster stress. This is the first confirmed report of OsHV-1 μ-var related C. gigas mortalities in Australia. © Inter-Research 2013.
Details
- Title
- Identification and characterisation of an ostreid herpesvirus-1 microvariant (OsHV-1 μ-var) in Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oysters) in Australia
- Authors
- C Jenkins (Author) - NSW Department of Primary IndustriesP Hick (Author) - NSW Department of Primary IndustriesM Gabor (Author) - NSW Department of Primary IndustriesZ Spiers (Author) - NSW Department of Primary IndustriesS A Fell (Author) - NSW Department of Primary IndustriesX Gu (Author) - NSW Department of Primary IndustriesA Read (Author) - NSW Department of Primary IndustriesJ Go (Author) - NSW Department of Primary IndustriesM Dove (Author) - NSW Department of Primary IndustriesWayne A O'Connor (Author) - NSW Department of Primary IndustriesP D Kirkland (Author) - NSW Department of Primary IndustriesJ Frances (Author) - NSW Department of Primary Industries
- Publication details
- Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Vol.105(2), pp.109-126
- Publisher
- Inter-Research
- Date published
- 2013
- DOI
- 10.3354/dao02623
- ISSN
- 0177-5103
- Copyright note
- Copyright © 2002 Inter-Research. The author's accepted version is reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher.
- Organisation Unit
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; GeneCology Research Centre - Legacy
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 99451022902621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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