High prevalence and two dominant host-specific genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in U.S. milk

T Pearson; H M Hornstra; R Hilsabeck; L T Gates; S M Olivas; D M Birdsell; C M Hall; S German; J M Cook; M L Seymour; R A Priestley; A V Kondas; C L Clark Friedman; Erin P Price; J M Schupp; C M Liu; L B Price; R F Massung; G J Kersh; P Keim

doi:10.1186/1471-2180-14-41

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High prevalence and two dominant host-specific genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in U.S. milk

Journal article

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High prevalence and two dominant host-specific genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in U.S. milk

T Pearson, H M Hornstra, R Hilsabeck, L T Gates, S M Olivas, D M Birdsell, C M Hall, S German, J M Cook, M L Seymour, …

BMC Microbiology, Vol.14(1), 41

2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-14-41

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Abstract

coxiella burnetii

Q fever

environmental detection

genotyping

phylogeography

multispacer typing

SNP typing

canonical SNP

CanSNP

Background: Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever in humans and Coxiellosis in animals; symptoms range from general malaise to fever, pneumonia, endocarditis and death. Livestock are a significant source of human infection as they shed C. burnetii cells in birth tissues, milk, urine and feces. Although prevalence of C. burnetii is high, few Q fever cases are reported in the U.S. and we have a limited understanding of their connectedness due to difficulties in genotyping. Here, we develop canonical SNP genotyping assays to evaluate spatial and temporal relationships among C. burnetii environmental samples and compare them across studies. Given the genotypic diversity of historical collections, we hypothesized that the current enzootic of Coxiellosis is caused by multiple circulating genotypes. We collected A) 23 milk samples from a single bovine herd, B) 134 commercial bovine and caprine milk samples from across the U.S., and C) 400 bovine and caprine samples from six milk processing plants over three years. Results: We detected C. burnetii DNA in 96% of samples with no variance over time. We genotyped 88.5% of positive samples; bovine milk contained only a single genotype (ST20) and caprine milk was dominated by a second type (mostly ST8). Conclusions: The high prevalence and lack of genotypic diversity is consistent with a model of rapid spread and persistence. The segregation of genotypes between host species is indicative of species-specific adaptations or dissemination barriers and may offer insights into the relative lack of human cases and characterizing genotypes. © 2014 Pearson et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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Title: High prevalence and two dominant host-specific genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in U.S. milk
Authors: T Pearson (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
H M Hornstra (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
R Hilsabeck (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
L T Gates (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
S M Olivas (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
D M Birdsell (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
C M Hall (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
S German (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
J M Cook (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
M L Seymour (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
R A Priestley (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
A V Kondas (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
C L Clark Friedman (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
Erin P Price (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
J M Schupp (Author) - Translational Genomics Research Institute, United States
C M Liu (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
L B Price (Author) - Translational Genomics Research Institute, United States
R F Massung (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
G J Kersh (Author) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
P Keim (Author) - Northern Arizona University, United States
Publication details: BMC Microbiology, Vol.14(1), 41; 9
Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.
Date published: 2014
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-41
ISSN: 1471-2180
Copyright note: Copyright © 2014 Pearson et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; Centre for Bioinnovation
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99450568402621
Output Type: Journal article

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