Files and links (1)
Published VersionCC BY V4.0, Open Access
Journal article
High Outcrossing Levels among Global Macadamia Cultivars: Implications for Nut Quality, Orchard Designs and Pollinator Management
Horticulturae, Vol.10(3), pp.1-14
2024
Abstract
Global fruit and nut yields are affected by shortfalls in pollinator populations, and pollen limitation is most prevalent among tropical, bee-pollinated and self-incompatible plants. Macadamia is a subtropical, bee-pollinated crop in which some cultivars have been found to be highly outcrossing. We aimed to determine the extent of outcrossing and its effects on nut quality across a wide range of international macadamia cultivars in three countries. We sampled fruit from 19 macadamia cultivars across 23 sites in Australia, Brazil and South Africa. We used genotype-by-sequencing and MassARRAY methods to assign paternity to individual fruit and we assessed pollen-parent effects on nut quality. Macadamia was highly outcrossing, producing 80-100% of fruit by cross-pollination, at 17 of the 23 sites. Mixed mating (41-72% outcrossing) was identified at five sites, and low outcrossing (10%) was identified in one cultivar at one site where it was isolated from other flowering macadamia trees. Outcrossed fruit often had significantly better quality than selfed fruit, with 1.61-3.39 g higher nut-in-shell mass, 0.53-1.55 g higher kernel mass, 3.3-6.4% higher kernel recovery, and 3.0-3.5% higher oil concentration. The differences in kernel recovery equated to differences in value of USD 433-841 per ton of nut-in-shell at prices of USD 3000 per ton. In summary, macadamia cultivars were mostly highly outcrossing, and outcrossed nuts often had higher quality than selfed nuts. Growers should consider interplanting different cultivars more closely and distributing bee hives more widely to maximise cross-pollination, produce high yields, and optimise nut quality.
Details
- Title
- High Outcrossing Levels among Global Macadamia Cultivars: Implications for Nut Quality, Orchard Designs and Pollinator Management
- Authors
- Stephen J. Trueman (Corresponding Author) - Griffith UniversityMark G. Penter - Agricultural Research Council of South AfricaKatia Sampaio Malagodi-Braga - Brazilian Agricultural Research CorporationJoel Nichols - Griffith UniversityAnushika L. De Silva - Griffith UniversityAdalgisa Thayne Munhoz Ramos - Brazilian Agricultural Research CorporationLeonardo Massaharu MoriyaSteven M. Ogbourne - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Centre for BioinnovationDavid Hawkes - AGRF LtdTrent Peters - The University of QueenslandNaga Kasinadhuni - AGRF LtdShahla Hosseini Bai - Griffith UniversityHelen M. Wallace - Queensland University of TechnologyWiebke Kaemper - University of Göttingen
- Publication details
- Horticulturae, Vol.10(3), pp.1-14
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Date published
- 2024
- DOI
- 10.3390/horticulturae10030203
- ISSN
- 2311-7524
- Copyright note
- © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Data Availability
- The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author with the permission of the funder, Hort Innovation.
- Organisation Unit
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering; Centre for Bioinnovation
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 991016189302621
- Output Type
- Journal article
Metrics
79 Record Views
InCites Highlights
These are selected metrics from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool, related to this output
- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web Of Science research areas
- Horticulture
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
This output has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:
Source: InCites