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Heat loss during procedural sedation for endoscopy: A descriptive study
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Heat loss during procedural sedation for endoscopy: A descriptive study

Judy Munday, Lucy McKenna, Sarah Johns, Kimberley Ryan and Clint Douglas
Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, Vol.40(5), pp.1290-1294
2025
PMID: 40434335
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Published Version Open Access CC BY V4.0

Abstract

Body Temperature Endoscopy Hypothermia Procedural sedation Temperature measurement
Purpose Little is known about heat loss during procedural sedation. Our descriptive study aimed to examine the pattern and characteristics of heat loss in this population. Design Continuous temperature monitoring via a zero-heat-flux device examined heat loss among patients receiving procedural sedation for upper and lower endoscopy procedures. Methods Adults receiving procedural sedation for lower and complex upper endoscopic procedures at the study hospital on an outpatient basis were included. Temperature was collected prospectively from the zero-heat-flux device. Demographic and clinical data including shivering and thermal comfort were collected from health records or directly from patients. The Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Satisfaction Questionnaire was completed the next day. Change in body temperature was analyzed using linear mixed-model analysis from induction to the end of procedure. Findings Among the 165 participants, mean body temperature declined to below 36 °C at 45 minutes from induction. A linear trend model from induction estimated that for every 15 minutes of procedural sedation, body temperature decreased on average by 0.19 °C [95% confidence interval −0.18, −0.21]. Almost one-third (30%, 45/164) were hypothermic on arrival to first-stage recovery, increasing to 42% (68/163) on arrival to second-stage recovery. Conclusions Patients receiving procedural sedation for endoscopic procedures may experience heat loss comparable to the initial phase of general or neuraxial anesthesia. Active warming and continuous temperature monitoring are yet to be implemented in this population.

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