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Journal article
Gut dysbiosis as a driver of neuroinflammation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of current evidence
Neuroscience, Vol.569, pp.298-321
2025
PMID: 39848564
Appears in Thompson Institute Research Collection
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Abstract
There is mounting evidence for the involvement of the immune system, neuroinflammation and disturbed gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, in attentive-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Gut dysbiosis is strongly implicated in many physical, autoimmune, neurological, and neuropsychiatric conditions, however knowledge of its particular pathogenic role in ADHD is sparse. As such, this narrative review examines and synthesizes the available evidence related to inflammation, dysbiosis, and neural processes in ADHD. Minimal differences in microbiota diversity measures between cases and controls were found, however many relative abundance differences were observed at all classification levels (phylum to strain). Compositional differences of taxa important to key gut-brain axis pathways, in particular Bacteroides species and Faecalibacterium, may contribute to inflammation, brain functioning differences, and symptoms, in ADHD. We have identified one possible model of ADHD etiopathogenesis involving systemic inflammation, an impaired blood-brain barrier, and neural disturbances as downstream consequences of gut dysbiosis. Nevertheless, studies conducted to date have varied degrees of methodological rigour and involve diverse participant characteristics and analytical techniques, highlighting a need for additional research.
Details
- Title
- Gut dysbiosis as a driver of neuroinflammation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of current evidence
- Authors
- Naomi Lewis (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health - PsychologyAnthony Villani - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, School of Health - Nutrition & DieteticsJim Lagopoulos - Thompson Brain and Mind Healthcare (Australia)
- Publication details
- Neuroscience, Vol.569, pp.298-321
- Publisher
- Elsevier Ltd
- Date published
- 2025
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.01.031
- ISSN
- 1873-7544; 0306-4522
- PMID
- 39848564
- Copyright note
- © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Brain Research Organization (IBRO).
- Data Availability
- Data will be made available on request.
- Organisation Unit
- Healthy Ageing Research Cluster; School of Health - Nutrition & Dietetics; Thompson Institute; School of Health - Psychology
- Language
- English
- Record Identifier
- 991096231802621
- Output Type
- Journal article
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