Gonadal transcriptomes associated with sex phenotypes provide potential male and female candidate genes of sex determination or early differentiation in Crassostrea gigas, a sequential hermaphrodite mollusc

Coralie Broquard; Saowaros Suwansa-ard; Mélanie Lepoittevin; Lionel Degremont; Jean-Baptiste Lamy; Benjamin Morga; Abigail Elizur; Anne-Sophie Martinez

doi:10.1186/s12864-021-07838-1

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Gonadal transcriptomes associated with sex phenotypes provide potential male and female candidate genes of sex determination or early differentiation in Crassostrea gigas, a sequential hermaphrodite mollusc

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Gonadal transcriptomes associated with sex phenotypes provide potential male and female candidate genes of sex determination or early differentiation in Crassostrea gigas, a sequential hermaphrodite mollusc

Coralie Broquard, Saowaros Suwansa-ard, Mélanie Lepoittevin, Lionel Degremont, Jean-Baptiste Lamy, Benjamin Morga, Abigail Elizur and Anne-Sophie Martinez

BMC Genomics, Vol.22, pp.1-16

2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07838-1

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Abstract

RNA-Seq

gonad transcriptome

early sex differentiation

sex determination

irregular hermaphrodite

oyster

Background: In the animal kingdom, mollusca is an important phylum of the Lophotrochozoa. However, few studies have investigated the molecular cascade of sex determination/early gonadal differentiation within this phylum. The oyster Crassostrea gigas is a sequential irregular hermaphrodite mollusc of economic, physiological and phylogenetic importance. Although some studies identified genes of its sex-determining/−differentiating pathway, this particular topic remains to be further deepened, in particular with regard to the expression patterns. Indeed, these patterns need to cover the entire period of sex lability and have to be associated to future sex phenotypes, usually impossible to establish in this sequential hermaphrodite. This is why we performed a gonadal RNA-Seq analysis of diploid male and female oysters that have not changed sex for 4 years, sampled during the entire time-window of sex determination/early sex differentiation (stages 0 and 3 of the gametogenetic cycle). This individual long-term monitoring gave us the opportunity to explain the molecular expression patterns in the light of the most statistically likely future sex of each oyster. Results: The differential gene expression analysis of gonadal transcriptomes revealed that 9723 genes were differentially expressed between gametogenetic stages, and 141 between sexes (98 and 43 genes highly expressed in females and males, respectively). Eighty-four genes were both stage- and sex-specific, 57 of them being highly expressed at the time of sex determination/early sex differentiation. These 4 novel genes including Trophoblast glycoprotein-like, Protein PML-like, Protein singed-like and PREDICTED: paramyosin, while being supported by RT-qPCR, displayed sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns. Conclusions: This gonadal transcriptome analysis, the first one associated with sex phenotypes in C. gigas, revealed 57 genes highly expressed in stage 0 or 3 of gametogenesis and which could be linked to the future sex of the individuals. While further study will be needed to suggest a role for these factors, some could certainly be original potential actors involved in sex determination/early sex differentiation, like paramyosin and could be used to predict the future sex of oysters.

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Title: Gonadal transcriptomes associated with sex phenotypes provide potential male and female candidate genes of sex determination or early differentiation in Crassostrea gigas, a sequential hermaphrodite mollusc
Authors: Coralie Broquard (Author) - Normandie Université
Saowaros Suwansa-ard (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, GeneCology Research Centre - Legacy
Mélanie Lepoittevin (Author) - Normandie Université
Lionel Degremont (Author) - Ifremer
Jean-Baptiste Lamy (Author) - Ifremer
Benjamin Morga (Author) - Ifremer
Abigail Elizur (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, GeneCology Research Centre - Legacy
Anne-Sophie Martinez (Author) - Normandie Université
Publication details: BMC Genomics, Vol.22, pp.1-16
Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.
Date published: 2021
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07838-1
ISSN: 1471-2164
Copyright note: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; Centre for Bioinnovation
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99563008602621
Output Type: Journal article

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