Global Variation in Hand Hygiene Practices Among Adolescents: The Role of Family and School-Level Factors

Santosh Jatrana; Md. Mehedi Hasan; Abdullah A. Mamun; Yaqoot Fatima

doi:10.3390/ijerph18094984

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Global Variation in Hand Hygiene Practices Among Adolescents: The Role of Family and School-Level Factors

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Global Variation in Hand Hygiene Practices Among Adolescents: The Role of Family and School-Level Factors

Santosh Jatrana, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Abdullah A. Mamun and Yaqoot Fatima

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol.18(9), pp.1-14

2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094984

PMID: 34067142

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Abstract

hand hygiene

hand washing

global

adolescents

school children

While appropriate hand hygiene practices (HHP) are protective against infections, the paucity of evidence on global estimates and determinants of HHP in adolescents limits effective design and planning of intervention to improve HHP in young people. We examined the prevalence and correlates of HHP in adolescents. We used nationally representative data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2003-2017) from 92 countries. HHP were categorized as "appropriate", "inappropriate" and "lacking" based on the information about "hand washing before eating", "hand washing after using the toilet", and "hand washing with soap". Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to assess the role of socio-demographic, health, lifestyle, school, and family-related variables in HHP. Among 354,422 adolescents (13-17 years), only 30.3% were found to practice appropriate hand hygiene. Multivariable models suggest that sedentary behavior (adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR) 1.41, 95% CI 1.31-1.51)), and bullying victimization (ARRR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10-1.30) promoted inappropriate HHP. In contrast, parental supervision (ARRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.50-0.59) and parental bonding (ARRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.87) were protective against inappropriate HHP. From a policy perspective, hand hygiene promotion policies and programs should focus on both school (bullying, exercise) and family-level factors (parental supervision and parental bonding) factors.

Details

Title: Global Variation in Hand Hygiene Practices Among Adolescents: The Role of Family and School-Level Factors
Authors: Santosh Jatrana - University of Otago
Md. Mehedi Hasan - ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course
Abdullah A. Mamun - The University of Queensland
Yaqoot Fatima (Corresponding Author) - The University of Queensland
Publication details: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol.18(9), pp.1-14
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date published: 2021
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094984
ISSN: 1660-4601
PMID: 34067142
Copyright note: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Data Availability: All the estimates are presented in the manuscript. Raw data are publicly available and can be accessed through https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/datasets/en/.
Organisation Unit: Indigenous and Transcultural Research Centre; Thompson Institute
Language: English
Record Identifier: 991212779802621
Output Type: Journal article

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Web Of Science research areas: Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

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