Abstract
Objective: To examine geographical variations, trends and projections in the prevalence of childhood anemia at national and subpopulation levels.
Design: Repeated cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted during 2000-2018.
Setting: Fifty-three low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) Participants: Totally, 776 689 children aged 6-59 months.
Results: During the latest DHS rounds between 2005 and 2018, the prevalence of child anemia was > 20 % in fifty-two out of fifty-three countries and ranged from 15 center dot 9 % in Armenia in 2016 to 87 center dot 8 % in Burkina Faso in 2010. Out of thirty-six countries with at least two surveys during 2000-2018, the prevalence of child anemia decreased in twenty-two countries, highest in Zimbabwe (-4 center dot 2 %) and increased in fourteen countries, highest in Burundi (5 center dot 0 %). Based on the trend, eleven and twenty-two out of thirty-six countries are projected to experience, respectively, moderate and severe public health problem according to the WHO criteria (moderate problem: 20-39 center dot 9 % and severe problem: >= 40 %) due to child anemia in 2030, with the highest prevalence in Liberia (87 center dot 5 %, 95 % credible interval 52 center dot 0-98 center dot 8 %). The prevalence of child anemia varied across the mother's education and age, child sex, wealth quintiles, and place of residence, with the highest rate of child anemia among the poorest, rural and low-educated mothers. These scenarios are projected to continue. The probability of reducing child anemia at < 0 center dot 5 % by 2030 is 0 % for all study countries.
Conclusions: The prevalence of child anemia varied between and within countries. None of the thirty-six LMIC is likely to eradicate child anemia by 2030.