Fragmented mitochondrial genomes of seal lice (family Echinophthiriidae) and gorilla louse (family Pthiridae): frequent minichromosomal splits and a host switch of lice between seals

Yalun Dong; Min Zhao; Renfu Shao

doi:10.1186/s12864-022-08530-8

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Fragmented mitochondrial genomes of seal lice (family Echinophthiriidae) and gorilla louse (family Pthiridae): frequent minichromosomal splits and a host switch of lice between seals

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Fragmented mitochondrial genomes of seal lice (family Echinophthiriidae) and gorilla louse (family Pthiridae): frequent minichromosomal splits and a host switch of lice between seals

Yalun Dong, Min Zhao and Renfu Shao

BMC Genomics, Vol.23, pp.1-13

2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08530-8

PMCID: PMC8994281

PMID: 35395774

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Fragmented mitochondrial genomes of seal lice (family Echinophthiriidae) and gorilla louse (family Pthiridae) - frequent minichromosomal splits and a host switch of lice between seals3.35 MBDownload View

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Abstract

seal lice

gorilla louse

mitochondrial minichromosomes

split and merge

host switch

Background: The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of 15 species of sucking lice from seven families have been studied to date. These louse species have highly dynamic, fragmented mt genomes that differ in the number of minichromosomes, the gene content, and gene order in a minichromosome between families and even between species of the same genus. Results: In the present study, we analyzed the publicly available data to understand mt genome fragmentation in seal lice (family Echinophthiriidae) and gorilla louse, Pthirus gorillae (family Pthiridae), in particular the role of minichromosome split and minichromosome merger in the evolution of fragmented mt genomes. We show that 1) at least three ancestral mt minichromosomes of sucking lice have split in the lineage leading to seal lice, 2) one minichromosome ancestral to primate lice has split in the lineage to the gorilla louse, and 3) two ancestral minichromosomes of seal lice have merged in the lineage to the northern fur seal louse. Minichromosome split occurred 15-16 times in total in the lineages leading to species in six families of sucking lice investigated. In contrast, minichromosome merger occurred only four times in the lineages leading to species in three families of sucking lice. Further, three ancestral mt minichromosomes of sucking lice have split multiple times independently in different lineages of sucking lice. Our analyses of mt karyotypes and gene sequences also indicate the possibility of a host switch of crabeater seal louse to Weddell seals. Conclusions: We conclude that: 1) minichromosome split contributes more than minichromosome merger in mt genome fragmentation of sucking lice, and 2) mt karyotype comparison helps understand the phylogenetic relationships between sucking louse species.

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Title: Fragmented mitochondrial genomes of seal lice (family Echinophthiriidae) and gorilla louse (family Pthiridae): frequent minichromosomal splits and a host switch of lice between seals
Authors: Yalun Dong (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, GeneCology Research Centre - Legacy
Min Zhao (Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, GeneCology Research Centre - Legacy
Renfu Shao (Corresponding Author) - University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, GeneCology Research Centre - Legacy
Publication details: BMC Genomics, Vol.23, pp.1-13
Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.
Date published: 2022
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08530-8
ISSN: 1471-2164
PMID: 35395774; PMC8994281
Copyright note: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
Organisation Unit: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland; GeneCology Research Centre - Legacy; Cancer Research Cluster; School of Science, Technology and Engineering; Centre for Bioinnovation
Language: English
Record Identifier: 99629440802621
Output Type: Journal article

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