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Forecasting intraspecific changes in distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator under climate change
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Forecasting intraspecific changes in distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator under climate change

Yuri Niella, Paul A Butcher, Bonnie Holmes, Adam Barnett and Robert Harcourt
Oecologia, Vol.198(1), pp.111-124
2022
PMCID: PMC8803685
PMID: 34787703
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Forecasting intraspecific changes in distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator under climate change3.38 MBDownloadView
Published Version Open Access CC BY V4.0
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Correction - Forecasting intraspecific changes in distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator under climate change299.39 kBDownloadView
Correction Open Access CC BY V4.0
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-05075-7View
Published Version

Abstract

animal telemetry East Australian current environmental correlates Galeocerdo cuvier shark-human interaction species distribution model tiger shark
Globally, marine animal distributions are shifting in response to a changing climate. These shifts are usually considered at the species level, but individuals are likely to differ in how they respond to the changing conditions. Here, we investigate how movement behaviour and, therefore, redistribution, would differ by sex and maturation class in a wide-ranging marine predator. We tracked 115 tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from 2002 to 2020 and forecast class-specific distributions through to 2030, including environmental factors and predicted occurrence of potential prey. Generalised Linear and Additive Models revealed that water temperature change, particularly at higher latitudes, was the factor most associated with shark movements. Females dispersed southwards during periods of warming temperatures, and while juvenile females preferred a narrow thermal range between 22 and 23 °C, adult female and juvenile male presence was correlated with either lower (< 22 °C) or higher (> 23 °C) temperatures. During La Niña, sharks moved towards higher latitudes and used shallower isobaths. Inclusion of predicted distribution of their putative prey significantly improved projections of suitable habitats for all shark classes, compared to simpler models using temperature alone. Tiger shark range off the east coast of Australia is predicted to extend ~ 3.5° south towards the east coast of Tasmania, particularly for juvenile males. Our framework highlights the importance of combining long-term movement data with multi-factor habitat projections to identify heterogeneity within species when predicting consequences of climate change. Recognising intraspecific variability will improve conservation and management strategies and help anticipate broader ecosystem consequences of species redistribution due to ocean warming.

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